2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine (Synonyms: dFdU; 2',2'-Difluoro-2'-deoxyuridine)

Cat. No.: HY-138253 Purity: 99.87%: FAQs
Data Sheet
SDS

COA
Handling Instructions Technical Support

2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) is the main metabolite of Gemcitabine (HY-17026). 2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine causes a concentration- and schedule- dependent radiosensitising effect in vitro. 2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine arrests cell cycle at the early S phase and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 114248-23-6

Size	Stock	Quantity

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
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Other Forms of 2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine:

2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine-¹³C,¹⁵N₂ Get quote
2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine (Standard) Get quote

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Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

In Vitro

2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine (10-100 μM, 24 h before radiation immediately or 8 or 24 h later) shows concentration-dependent and schedule-dependent radiosensitising effect in both ECV304 and H292 cells^[1].
2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine (100-250 μM, 24 h) increases apoptosis in both ECV304 and H292 cells^[1].
2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine (10-250 μM, 24 h) can arrest cell cycle at the early S phase in both ECV304 and H292 cells^[1].
2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine (48 h-14 d) is cytotoxic to HepG2 and A549 cancer cells (IC₅₀s = 3.13 and 3.92 μM, respectively)^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[1]

Cell Line:	ECV304 (mutant p53, human bladder cancer cell line), H292 (wild-type p53, a human mucoepidermoid lung cancer cell line)
Concentration:	10, 20, 50 μM (ECV304), 25, 50, 100 μM (H292)
Incubation Time:	incubated for 24 h and irradiated immediately or 8 or 24 h later
Result:	Showed clear concentration-dependent radiosensitising effect. Increased dose enhancement factor (DEF) with an increasing concentration. Showed clear schedule-dependent radiosensitising effect. Radiosensitising effect decreased with a longer interval between chemotherapy and radiation; the DEF decreased with an interval of 8 or 24 h.

Apoptosis Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:	ECV304 (mutant p53, human bladder cancer cell line), H292 (wild-type p53, a human mucoepidermoid lung cancer cell line)
Concentration:	100 μM (ECV304), 250 μM (H292)
Incubation Time:	24 h
Result:	The amount of early apoptotic cells increased. The induction of apoptosis under radiosensitising conditions seemed cell line dependent.

Cell Cycle Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:	ECV304 (mutant p53, human bladder cancer cell line), H292 (wild-type p53, a human mucoepidermoid lung cancer cell line)
Concentration:	10, 20, 50, 100 μM (ECV304), 10, 50, 100, 250 μM (H292)
Incubation Time:	24 h
Result:	Caused a block of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle in both ECV304 and H292 cells, and was concentration dependent. The greatest DEFs were observed when most cells were blocked in the early S phase of the cell cycle.

Western Blot Analysis^[1]

Cell Line:	ECV304 (mutant p53, human bladder cancer cell line), H292 (wild-type p53, a human mucoepidermoid lung cancer cell line)
Concentration:	100 μM (ECV304), 250 μM (H292)
Incubation Time:	24 h
Result:	Increased cleaved caspase 3, indicating the induction of apoptosis.

In Vivo

2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine can accumulate in the liver and has a long terminal half-life after oral administration of gemcitabine^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Molecular Weight

264.18

Formula

C₉H₁₀F₂N₂O₅

CAS No.

114248-23-6

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(N1)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C2(F)F)C=CC1=O

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 125 mg/mL (473.16 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 100 mg/mL (378.53 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	3.7853 mL	18.9265 mL	37.8530 mL
5 mM	0.7571 mL	3.7853 mL	7.5706 mL
10 mM	0.3785 mL	1.8926 mL	3.7853 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (18.93 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (18.93 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (18.93 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.87%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (279 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (251 KB) HNMR (271 KB) LCMS (94 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Pauwels B, et al. The radiosensitising effect of difluorodeoxyuridine, a metabolite of gemcitabine, in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;58(2):219-28. [Content Brief]

[2]. Veltkamp SA, et al. New insights into the pharmacology and cytotoxicity of gemcitabine and 2',2'-difluorodeoxyuridine. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008 Aug;7(8):2415-25. [Content Brief]

[3]. Veltkamp SA, et al. Extensive metabolism and hepatic accumulation of gemcitabine after multiple oral and intravenous administration in mice. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Aug;36(8):1606-15. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	3.7853 mL	18.9265 mL	37.8530 mL	94.6325 mL
	5 mM	0.7571 mL	3.7853 mL	7.5706 mL	18.9265 mL
	10 mM	0.3785 mL	1.8926 mL	3.7853 mL	9.4632 mL
	15 mM	0.2524 mL	1.2618 mL	2.5235 mL	6.3088 mL
	20 mM	0.1893 mL	0.9463 mL	1.8926 mL	4.7316 mL
	25 mM	0.1514 mL	0.7571 mL	1.5141 mL	3.7853 mL
	30 mM	0.1262 mL	0.6309 mL	1.2618 mL	3.1544 mL
	40 mM	0.0946 mL	0.4732 mL	0.9463 mL	2.3658 mL
	50 mM	0.0757 mL	0.3785 mL	0.7571 mL	1.8926 mL
	60 mM	0.0631 mL	0.3154 mL	0.6309 mL	1.5772 mL
	80 mM	0.0473 mL	0.2366 mL	0.4732 mL	1.1829 mL
	100 mM	0.0379 mL	0.1893 mL	0.3785 mL	0.9463 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine Related Classifications

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine114248-23-6dFdU 2',2'-Difluoro-2'-deoxyuridineDrug MetaboliteApoptosisGemcitabineradiosensitisingECV304H292Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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