2. Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel Neuronal Signaling
  3. iGluR
  4. DNQX

DNQX (FG 9041), a quinoxaline derivative, is a selective, potent competitive non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist (IC50s = 0.5, 2 and 40 μM for AMPA, kainate and NMDA receptors, respectively).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

DNQX Chemical Structure

DNQX Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 2379-57-9

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 USD 73 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 73 In-stock
Solid
25 mg USD 66 In-stock
50 mg USD 106 In-stock
100 mg USD 145 In-stock
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Customer Review

Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of DNQX:

DNQX Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

View All iGluR Isoform Specific Products:

View All Isoforms
AMPA Receptor NMDA Receptor Kainate Receptor

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

DNQX (FG 9041), a quinoxaline derivative, is a selective, potent competitive non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist (IC50s = 0.5, 2 and 40 μM for AMPA, kainate and NMDA receptors, respectively)[1].

IC50 & Target

Kainate Receptor

 

In Vitro

DNQX selectively depolarizes thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

DNQX Related Antibodies
In Vivo

DNQX, a specific AMPA receptor antagonist, given as either a 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose or into the lateral cerebral ventricle (5 μl of 0.5 mg/ml) significantly diminishes phencyclidine (PCP) (40 mg/kg) and ketamine (80, 100, 120 mg/kg) hsp70 induction in the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Molecular Weight

252.14

Formula

C8H4N4O6
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C1C(NC2=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2N1)=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : ≥ 35 mg/mL (138.81 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.9661 mL 19.8303 mL 39.6605 mL
5 mM 0.7932 mL 3.9661 mL 7.9321 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.25 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (8.25 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.08 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.26%

COA (253 KB) RP-HPLC (245 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 3.9661 mL 19.8303 mL 39.6605 mL 99.1513 mL
5 mM 0.7932 mL 3.9661 mL 7.9321 mL 19.8303 mL
10 mM 0.3966 mL 1.9830 mL 3.9661 mL 9.9151 mL
15 mM 0.2644 mL 1.3220 mL 2.6440 mL 6.6101 mL
20 mM 0.1983 mL 0.9915 mL 1.9830 mL 4.9576 mL
25 mM 0.1586 mL 0.7932 mL 1.5864 mL 3.9661 mL
30 mM 0.1322 mL 0.6610 mL 1.3220 mL 3.3050 mL
40 mM 0.0992 mL 0.4958 mL 0.9915 mL 2.4788 mL
50 mM 0.0793 mL 0.3966 mL 0.7932 mL 1.9830 mL
60 mM 0.0661 mL 0.3305 mL 0.6610 mL 1.6525 mL
80 mM 0.0496 mL 0.2479 mL 0.4958 mL 1.2394 mL
100 mM 0.0397 mL 0.1983 mL 0.3966 mL 0.9915 mL
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DNQX Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

DNQX2379-57-9FG 9041FG9041FG-9041iGluRIonotropic glutamate receptorscompetitiveselectivenon-NMDAthalamicreticularnucleusquinoxalineInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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