Kainic acid

Name: Kainic acid
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N2309
Rating: 5.0 (10 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-N2309 Purity: 99.85%: FAQs
Data Sheet SDS COA Handling Instructions

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Kainic acid is a potent excitotoxic agent. Kainic acid hydrate also is an agonist for a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor. Kainic acid induces seizures.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Kainic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 487-79-6

Size	Price	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in Water ready for reconstitution	USD 77	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in Water	USD 77	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
5 mg	USD 70	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 mg	USD 130	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
25 mg	USD 300	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 mg	USD 520	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	USD 910	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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500 mg		Get quote

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Customer Review

Based on 10 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Kainic acid:

Kainic acid hydrate Get quote

10 Publications Citing Use of MCE Kainic acid

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EAAT1 EAAT2 EAAT3 EAAT4 EAAT5

Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

Kainic acid is a potent excitotoxic agent. Kainic acid hydrate also is an agonist for a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor. Kainic acid induces seizures^[1]^[2].

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.7 μM Compound: Kainate	Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 6 using HEK293 cells Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 6 using HEK293 cells	[PMID: 10969973]
HEK293	EC₅₀	1.8 μM Compound: 1, KA	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR6(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR6(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	16.2 μM Compound: Kainate	Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 5 using HEK293 cells Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 5 using HEK293 cells	[PMID: 10969973]
HEK293	EC₅₀	23 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	23 μM Compound: 1, KA	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR1 flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR1 flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	37 μM Compound: 1, KA	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR5(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR5(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	380 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA2 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA2 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	380 μM Compound: 1, KA	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR2(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR2(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	40 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA3 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA3 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	40 μM Compound: 1, KA	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR3 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR3 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	47 μM Compound: Kainate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA4 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA4 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	47 μM Compound: 1, KA	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR4 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR4 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
Neuron	EC₅₀	17.3 μM Compound: kainate	Excitotoxicity against C57BL/6N mouse hippocampal neurons after 48 hrs by MTT assay Excitotoxicity against C57BL/6N mouse hippocampal neurons after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 18083036]

In Vivo

Kainic acid-induced epilepsy model is an effective tool for studying temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and can be administered systemically, into the hippocampus, or amygdala, and is reproducible in various animal models. The systemic Kainic acid model closely resembles human TLE. When Kainic acid (5 nM) is injected into the neostriatum, substantia nigra, or cerebellum, over half of the compound disappears from the injection site and brain within 0.5 hours, with radioactivity detected in other brain regions at concentrations below 7 pM/mg tissue^[3]^[4]^[6].

1. Induction of epilepsy model in mouse^[5]

Background

Kainic acid, an analog of L-glutamate and an ionotropic KA receptor agonist, can damage hippocampal pyramidal neurons.

Specific Mmodeling Methods

Mice: C57BL/6J • male • 7 weeks old • 22 g body weight
Administration: 10 μg in 5 μL • i.c.v.

Note

(1) The right lateral brain ventricle is localized with a stereotactic instrument.
(2) After the operation, skin was sutured, and keep the mice under a warming place until they wake up.
(3) 48 hours after lateral ventricle injection, the mice are anaesthetized using Isoflurane and then sequentially intracardially perfused with saline and PFA (4%, 30 mL). Rapidly remove The mouse brain processed for paraffin embedding or frozen sections.

Modeling Indicators

Electroencephalogram (EEG) recording: Had higher local maximal amplitude and reduced spike frequency compared to the control group.
Histology analysis: Showed Triangulated pyknotic nuclei and cytoplasmic shrinkage in the hippocampal neuron, and induced neuronal loss.

Correlated Product(s): /

Opposite Product(s): Sitagliptin (HY-13749)

2. Induction of epilepsy model in rats^[6]

Background

Kainic acid can bind to NMDA receptors which are abundant in neurons in the cornu ammonus of the hippocampus, amygdala, and pyriform cortex, and leading to variable levels of neuronal death in these regions.

Specific Mmodeling Methods

Rat: Sprague-Dawley rats • male
Administration: 10 mg/kg • i.p. • a single dose

Note

(1) Seizures occurres approximately 45 min after injection, typically lasted 2-3 hr.
(2) Kainic acid-treated animals may die during an acute period of intoxication, it's suggested to increase the number of animals per group.
(3) 72 hours later, the rats are anesthetized and immediately perfused transcardially with 50 mL 0.9% saline followed by 500 mL 0.1 m neutral phosphate-buffered formaldehyde (4%). And remove the brain and postfixed at 4°C overnight in the same fixative and dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and cut into serial 6-μm-thick coronal sections at the level of the dorsal hippocampus.

Modeling Indicators

behavioral changes: Exhibited immobility and rigid postures firstly, followed by repetitive head nodding, ‘wet dog shakes’, and subsequent rearing and falling. Eventually, the rats developed generalized tonic–clonic seizures with continuous convulsions, lasting for several hours.
Histology analysis: Resulted in a loss of pyramidal neurons in fields CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus.
Increaseed the size, arborization, and stainability of GFAP-immunoreactive cells.

Correlated Product(s): /

Opposite Product(s): Melatonin (HY-B0075)

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	8 weeks, 200-250 g male adult Wistar rats^[1]
Dosage:	5 mg/kg
Administration:	I.p.; hourly at least 3 h until status epilepticus
Result:	Induced seizures in rats.

Molecular Weight

213.23

Formula

C₁₀H₁₅NO₄

CAS No.

487-79-6

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O)C[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC[C@@H]1C(C)=C

Structure Classification

Initial Source

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 40 mg/mL (187.59 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 3 with 1 M HCL; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 10 mg/mL (46.90 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	4.6897 mL	23.4485 mL	46.8971 mL
5 mM	0.9379 mL	4.6897 mL	9.3794 mL
10 mM	0.4690 mL	2.3449 mL	4.6897 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (23.45 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (23.45 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (23.45 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.96%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (290 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (255 KB) HNMR (250 KB) RP-HPLC (239 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Cincioğlu-Palabiyik M, et al. Chronic levetiracetam decreases hippocampal and testicular aromatase expression in normal but not kainic acid-induced experimental model of acute seizures in rats. Neuroreport. 2017 Sep 27;28(14):903-909. [Content Brief]

[2]. Wang Q, et al. Kainic acid-mediated excitotoxicity as a model for neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol. 2005;31(1-3):3-16. [Content Brief]

[3]. Lévesque M, et al. The kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Dec;37(10 Pt 2):2887-99. [Content Brief]

[4]. Scherer-Singler U, McGeer EG. Distribution and persistence of kainic acid in brain. Life Sci. 1979 Mar 12;24(11):1015-22. [Content Brief]

[5]. Zheng Z, et al. The effect of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on disease-associated microglia phenotypic transformation in epilepsy. J Neuroinflammation. 2021 May 11;18(1):112. [Content Brief]

[6]. Chung SY, et al. Melatonin attenuates kainic acid-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration and oxidative stress through microglial inhibition. J Pineal Res. 2003 Mar;34(2):95-102. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	4.6897 mL	23.4485 mL	46.8971 mL	117.2426 mL
	5 mM	0.9379 mL	4.6897 mL	9.3794 mL	23.4485 mL
	10 mM	0.4690 mL	2.3449 mL	4.6897 mL	11.7243 mL
	15 mM	0.3126 mL	1.5632 mL	3.1265 mL	7.8162 mL
	20 mM	0.2345 mL	1.1724 mL	2.3449 mL	5.8621 mL
	25 mM	0.1876 mL	0.9379 mL	1.8759 mL	4.6897 mL
	30 mM	0.1563 mL	0.7816 mL	1.5632 mL	3.9081 mL
	40 mM	0.1172 mL	0.5862 mL	1.1724 mL	2.9311 mL
DMSO	50 mM	0.0938 mL	0.4690 mL	0.9379 mL	2.3449 mL
	60 mM	0.0782 mL	0.3908 mL	0.7816 mL	1.9540 mL
	80 mM	0.0586 mL	0.2931 mL	0.5862 mL	1.4655 mL
	100 mM	0.0469 mL	0.2345 mL	0.4690 mL	1.1724 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Kainic acid Related Classifications

Neurological Disease

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Kainic acid487-79-6EAATExcitatory amino acid transporter Glutamate transporter;Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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Kainic acid

Customer Review

Other Forms of Kainic acid:

Kainic acid Related Antibodies

10 Publications Citing Use of MCE Kainic acid

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•Related Screening Libraries:

•Related Small Molecules:

•Related Proteins:

View All EAAT Isoform Specific Products:

Biological Activity

Purity & Documentation

References

Customer Review

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Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Kainic acid Related Classifications

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