2. GPCR/G Protein Neuronal Signaling Autophagy Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Apoptosis
  3. Melatonin Receptor Autophagy Mitophagy Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
  4. Melatonin

Melatonin  (Synonyms: N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)

Cat. No.: HY-B0075 Purity: 99.93%
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Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Melatonin Chemical Structure

Melatonin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 73-31-4

Size Price Stock Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 USD 33 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 33 In-stock
Solid
500 mg USD 30 In-stock
1 g USD 40 In-stock
5 g USD 80 In-stock
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Based on 90 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Melatonin:

Melatonin Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

88 Publications Citing Use of MCE Melatonin

WB

    Melatonin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Cell Mol Med. 2018 Oct;22(10):5132-5144.  [Abstract]

    Melatonin regulation of mitophagy activity in the diabetic myocardium, Protein expression with representative gel blots of LC3 I/II, GAPDH (loading control).

    Melatonin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Molecules. 2018 Mar 16;23(3). pii: E675.  [Abstract]

    Representative image of immunobloting of UCP2 in the cultured AC16 cells under various treatments.

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    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland that can activates melatonin receptor. Melatonin plays a role in sleep and possesses important antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties[1][2][3]. Melatonin is a novel selective ATF-6 inhibitor and induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis through COX-2 downregulation[4]. Melatonin attenuates palmitic acid-induced (HY-N0830) mouse granulosa cells apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress[5].

    IC50 & Target

    Microbial Metabolite

     

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    In Vivo

    Melatonin increases the levels of activated PTEN, RSK-1, mTOR and AMPKα kinases, mildly inhibits ERK-1/2 phosphorylation and Bad phosphorylation, significantly inhibits phosphorylations of S6 Ribosomal Protein, 4E-BP1, GSK-3α and GSK-3β, and slightly increases PRAS40 phosphorylation in animals[1]. Melatonin ameliorates the neurotoxiciy and astrocyte activation induced by Aβ1-42 in the cerebral cortex. Melatonin also blocks the reduction in Reelin and Dab1 expression induced by Aβ1-42[2]. Melatonin treatment and lack of NLRP3-/- share similar inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathway in mice. Melatonin treatment and lack of NLRP3-/- share some patterns of clock genes expression, and improve cardiomyocytes morphology in mice[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    232.28

    Formula

    C13H16N2O2
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to light yellow

    SMILES

    CC(NCCC1=CNC2=C1C=C(OC)C=C2)=O
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 100 mg/mL (430.51 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Ethanol : 12.5 mg/mL (53.81 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    H2O : 1.1 mg/mL (4.74 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 4.3051 mL 21.5257 mL 43.0515 mL
    5 mM 0.8610 mL 4.3051 mL 8.6103 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Volume
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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

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    Volume (start)

    V1

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    C2

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.76 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.76 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  40% PEG300    60% Saline

      Solubility: 15 mg/mL (64.58 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.93%

    COA (249 KB) HNMR (268 KB) LCMS (94 KB) Elemental Analysis Report (107 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References
    Animal Administration
    [1]

    A total of two sets of adult male C57BL/6j mice weighing 21-26 g are randomly assigned to one of four groups and treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) delivery of (i) vehicle (50 μL isotonic saline/5% ethanol), (ii) melatonin (4 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.9% isotonic saline/5% ethanol), (iii) Wortmannin, and (iv) melatonin/Wortmannin immediately after reperfusion. In the first set, mice are exposed to 30 min of focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) and 72 h reperfusion for the evaluation of disseminate ischemic injury in the striatum, and signaling pathway analysis (n=7 per group). The second group of mice is exposed to 90 min of FCI and 24 h reperfusion for the analysis of infarct development, brain swelling and IgG extravasation (n=7 per group).

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    H2O / Ethanol / DMSO 1 mM 4.3051 mL 21.5257 mL 43.0515 mL 107.6287 mL
    Ethanol / DMSO 5 mM 0.8610 mL 4.3051 mL 8.6103 mL 21.5257 mL
    10 mM 0.4305 mL 2.1526 mL 4.3051 mL 10.7629 mL
    15 mM 0.2870 mL 1.4350 mL 2.8701 mL 7.1752 mL
    20 mM 0.2153 mL 1.0763 mL 2.1526 mL 5.3814 mL
    25 mM 0.1722 mL 0.8610 mL 1.7221 mL 4.3051 mL
    30 mM 0.1435 mL 0.7175 mL 1.4350 mL 3.5876 mL
    40 mM 0.1076 mL 0.5381 mL 1.0763 mL 2.6907 mL
    50 mM 0.0861 mL 0.4305 mL 0.8610 mL 2.1526 mL
    DMSO 60 mM 0.0718 mL 0.3588 mL 0.7175 mL 1.7938 mL
    80 mM 0.0538 mL 0.2691 mL 0.5381 mL 1.3454 mL
    100 mM 0.0431 mL 0.2153 mL 0.4305 mL 1.0763 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    Melatonin Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Melatonin73-31-4N-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamineMelatonin ReceptorAutophagyMitophagyEndogenous MetaboliteApoptosisMitochondrial AutophagyInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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