2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-126114
    Lupeol acetate
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Lupeol acetate is a derivative of Lupeol. Lupeol acetate is an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-trypanosomic and anticancer agent with oral activity. Lupeol acetate significantly improves the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines and osteoclast production. Lupeol acetate inhibits spermatogenesis in male rats and eventually led to infertility.
    Lupeol acetate
  • HY-W011849
    Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside is a component isolated from Phellodendron amurense, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production, and the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside also inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and related genes.
    Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside
  • HY-N0074
    Byakangelicol
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Byakangelicol, isolated from Angelica dahurica, inhibits interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) -induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in A549 cells mediated by suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the activity of COX-2 enzyme. Byakangelicol has therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory agent on airway inflammation.
    Byakangelicol
  • HY-107969
    Haloperidol decanoate
    		99.67%
    Haloperidol decanoate is a depot preparation of haloperidol, a commonly used butyrophenone derivative with antipsychotic activity. Haloperidol decanoate can increase the striatal D2 receptor in rat. Haloperidol decanoate can improve conditions of psychoses (mainly schizophrenia). Haloperidol decanoate can lead to increased accumulation of the dopamine metabolites homo-vanillic acid. Haloperidol decanoate can reduce intestinal transport, increase gastric emptying and reduce acid output in rat model.
    Haloperidol decanoate
  • HY-N3536
    Canthin-6-one
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Canthin-6-one is an indole alkaloid, displays antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Canthin-6-one
  • HY-N1731
    2′-Hydroxy-5′-methoxyacetophenone
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    2'-Hydroxy-5'-methoxyacetophenone is an acetophenone derivative with acaricidal activities. 2'-Hydroxy-5'-methoxyacetophenone attenuates the inflammatory response via NF-κB signaling pathway. 2'-Hydroxy-5'-methoxyacetophenone exhibits significant inhibitory activity against α-amylase, collagenase and aldose reductase (AR) with IC50s of 0.928, 3.264 and 20.046 μM, highlighting its potential in combating diabetes. 2'-Hydroxy-5'-methoxyacetophenone exhibits anti-ovarian cancer activity.
    2′-Hydroxy-5′-methoxyacetophenone
  • HY-B0227S
    Ketoprofen-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.36%
    Ketoprofen-d3 is the deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively.
    Ketoprofen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W010144
    Phenidone
    		Inhibitor 99.00%
    Phenidone, an orally active dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), ameliorates rat paralysis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Phenidone is a potent hypotensive agent in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Phenidone is used as a photographic developer.
    Phenidone
  • HY-101482
    Ibuprofen piconol
    		Inhibitor 99.38%
    Ibuprofen piconol is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory (NSAID) agent for the topical relief of primary thermal burns and sunburns.
    Ibuprofen piconol
  • HY-100580
    Asaraldehyde
    		Inhibitor 99.83%
    Asarylaldehyde (Asaronaldehyde), a COX-2 inhibitor, significantly inhibits cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) activity with an IC50 value of 100 μg/mL.
    Asaraldehyde
  • HY-N0523R
    Gallic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Gallic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid (Standard)
  • HY-78131R
    Ibuprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Ibuprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ibuprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) is a potent, orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
    Ibuprofen (Standard)
  • HY-W109812S
    Sinapyl alcohol-d3
    Sinapyl alcohol-d3 is the deuterated labeled Sinapyl alcohol (HY-W109812). Sinapyl alcohol is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent. Sinapyl alcohol reduces the expression level of inducible NO synthase and COX-2.
    Sinapyl alcohol-d<sub>3</sub
  • HY-106835
    Flobufen
    		Inhibitor
    Flobufen (VUFB 16066) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor agent. Flobufen inhibits alloantigen-driven cellular immune responses and stimulates phagocytosis of peritoneal cells. Flobufen can improve immunopathological disorders and has an inhibitory effect on rheumatoid arthritis.
    Flobufen
  • HY-B0476S
    Phenacetin-d5
    		Inhibitor 99.51%
    Phenacetin-d5 is the deuterium labeled Phenacetin. Phenacetin (Acetophenetidin) is a non-opioid analgesic/antipyretic agent. Phenacetin is a selective COX-3 inhibitor. Phenacetin is used as probe of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes and in rats.
    Phenacetin-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N7012
    7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin
    		Inhibitor 99.28%
    7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin (5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone) is a flavonoid with multiple biological activities. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin inhibits soybean lipoxygenase (LOX), with an IC50 value of 23.97 µg/mL. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin possesses anti-inflammatory effects in Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056) (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin inhibits the binding of MDM2 with p53 and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin also has antioxidant, antifungal and antitrypanosomal activitiessup>[4]sup>[5].
    7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin
  • HY-B0261S
    Meloxicam-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.55%
    Meloxicam-d3 is deuterium labeled Meloxicam. Meloxicam is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, inhibits COX activity, with IC50s of 0.49 μM and 36.6 μM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.
    Meloxicam-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N2082
    Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside
    		Inhibitor 99.64%
    Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside (Cacticin) is a flavonoid glycoside that can be isolated from Oenanthe javanica, with antithrombotic and profibrinolytic activities. Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside inhibits the activities of thrombin and factor Xa (FXa) and reduces thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization maximum rate. Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside suppresses TNF-α-induced PAI-1 secretion, decreases the PAI-1/tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) ratio, and inhibits FXa production and FVa/FXa-mediated thrombin generation. Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside exerts protective effects against Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (HY-Y0298)-induced hepatic injury in mice. Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside can be used for the study of liver injury-related diseases and thrombotic vascular diseases.
    Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside
  • HY-14928A
    Lobeglitazone sulfate
    		Inhibitor 99.63%
    Lobeglitazone sulfate is a new type of thiazolidinedione. Lobeglitazone sulfate is the orally active agonist for PPAR with EC50 of 137.4 nM and 546.3 nM for PPARγ and PPARα. Lobeglitazone sulfate is the inhibitor for ERK/JNK/Smad/NF-κB signaling pathway. Lobeglitazone sulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-fibrotic and anti-atherosclerotic properties.
    Lobeglitazone sulfate
  • HY-B1026
    Adelmidrol
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    Adelmidrol exerts important anti-inflammatory effects that are partly dependent on PPARγ. Adelmidrol reduces NF-κB translocation, and COX-2 expression.
    Adelmidrol
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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