2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W010066
    3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol
    		Inhibitor 98.07%
    3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol is a phenolic compound and antioxidant. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol can be extracted from olive oil. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol downregulates the expression of proinflammatory enzymes (iNOS, COX-2) and prevents the degradation of IκBα. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol has antioxidant properties. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol has shown positive effects on frozen-thawed ram sperm. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol can be used in the study of inflammatory-related diseases (such as ulcerative colitis) and reproductive health (sperm cryopreservation).
    3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol
  • HY-129113
    α-​Chaconine
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    α-Chaconine inhibits the expressions of COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α at the transcriptional level. α-Chaconine inhibits the LPS-induced expressions of iNOS and COX-2 at the protein and mRNA levels and their promoter activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Anti-inflammatory effects.
    α-​Chaconine
  • HY-N2429
    Sphondin
    		Inhibitor 99.70%
    Sphondin possesses an inhibitory effect on IL-1β-induced increase in the level of COX-2 protein and PGE2 release in A549 cells.
    Sphondin
  • HY-B1888B
    Bromfenac sodium hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Bromfenac sodium hydrate (Bromfenac monosodium salt sesquihydrate) is a potent and orally active inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 5.56 and 7.45 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Bromfenac sodium hydrate can be used in ocular inflammation research.
    Bromfenac sodium hydrate
  • HY-W011849
    Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside is a component isolated from Phellodendron amurense, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production, and the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside also inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and related genes.
    Phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside
  • HY-N0074
    Byakangelicol
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Byakangelicol, isolated from Angelica dahurica, inhibits interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) -induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in A549 cells mediated by suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the activity of COX-2 enzyme. Byakangelicol has therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory agent on airway inflammation.
    Byakangelicol
  • HY-107969
    Haloperidol decanoate
    		99.67%
    Haloperidol decanoate is a depot preparation of haloperidol, a commonly used butyrophenone derivative with antipsychotic activity. Haloperidol decanoate can increase the striatal D2 receptor in rat. Haloperidol decanoate can improve conditions of psychoses (mainly schizophrenia). Haloperidol decanoate can lead to increased accumulation of the dopamine metabolites homo-vanillic acid. Haloperidol decanoate can reduce intestinal transport, increase gastric emptying and reduce acid output in rat model.
    Haloperidol decanoate
  • HY-107208
    Procyanidol B4
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Procyanidol B4 ((-)-Procyanidin B4) is an orally active polyphenol found in Q.gilva. Procyanidol B4 exerts antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH (HY-112053) (IC50: 12.15 μM) and Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) (HY-15925) (IC50: 8.67 μM). Procyanidol B4 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of COX-2 and IL-1β and iNOS.
    Procyanidol B4
  • HY-N3536
    Canthin-6-one
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    Canthin-6-one is an indole alkaloid, displays antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Canthin-6-one
  • HY-N1731
    2′-Hydroxy-5′-methoxyacetophenone
    		Inhibitor 99.96%
    2'-Hydroxy-5'-methoxyacetophenone is an acetophenone derivative with acaricidal activities. 2'-Hydroxy-5'-methoxyacetophenone attenuates the inflammatory response via NF-κB signaling pathway. 2'-Hydroxy-5'-methoxyacetophenone exhibits significant inhibitory activity against α-amylase, collagenase and aldose reductase (AR) with IC50s of 0.928, 3.264 and 20.046 μM, highlighting its potential in combating diabetes. 2'-Hydroxy-5'-methoxyacetophenone exhibits anti-ovarian cancer activity.
    2′-Hydroxy-5′-methoxyacetophenone
  • HY-136477
    Pentagamavunon-1
    		Inhibitor 98.95%
    Pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1), a Curcumin analog with oral activity, targets on several molecular mechanisms to induce apoptosis including inhibition of angiogenic factors cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). PGV-1 inhibits NF-κB activation.
    Pentagamavunon-1
  • HY-B0227S
    Ketoprofen-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.36%
    Ketoprofen-d3 is the deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively.
    Ketoprofen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W010144
    Phenidone
    		Inhibitor 99.00%
    Phenidone, an orally active dual inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), ameliorates rat paralysis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Phenidone is a potent hypotensive agent in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Phenidone is used as a photographic developer.
    Phenidone
  • HY-101482
    Ibuprofen piconol
    		Inhibitor 99.38%
    Ibuprofen piconol is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory (NSAID) agent for the topical relief of primary thermal burns and sunburns.
    Ibuprofen piconol
  • HY-N2736
    3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone is an orally active inhibitor of OXA-48 (IC50 = 1.89 μM) and COX-1 (IC50 = 36.37 μM). 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone inhibits H2O2-induced neuronal apoptosis and ROS accumulation, and exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects by suppressing the JNK-STAT1 pathway. 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone exhibits antimicrobial and antibiotic-modifying activities against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative enteric bacteria. 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation via NFATc1. 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone activates the CREB-BDNF axis and restores scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced memory deficits in mice.
    3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone
  • HY-N0523R
    Gallic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Gallic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gallic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid (Standard)
  • HY-W109812S
    Sinapyl alcohol-d3
    Sinapyl alcohol-d3 is the deuterated labeled Sinapyl alcohol (HY-W109812). Sinapyl alcohol is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent. Sinapyl alcohol reduces the expression level of inducible NO synthase and COX-2.
    Sinapyl alcohol-d<sub>3</sub
  • HY-106835
    Flobufen
    		Inhibitor
    Flobufen (VUFB 16066) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor agent. Flobufen inhibits alloantigen-driven cellular immune responses and stimulates phagocytosis of peritoneal cells. Flobufen can improve immunopathological disorders and has an inhibitory effect on rheumatoid arthritis.
    Flobufen
  • HY-B0476S
    Phenacetin-d5
    		Inhibitor 99.51%
    Phenacetin-d5 is the deuterium labeled Phenacetin. Phenacetin (Acetophenetidin) is a non-opioid analgesic/antipyretic agent. Phenacetin is a selective COX-3 inhibitor. Phenacetin is used as probe of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes and in rats.
    Phenacetin-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N7012
    7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin
    		Inhibitor 99.28%
    7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin (5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone) is a flavonoid with multiple biological activities. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin inhibits soybean lipoxygenase (LOX), with an IC50 value of 23.97 µg/mL. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin possesses anti-inflammatory effects in Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056) (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin inhibits the binding of MDM2 with p53 and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin also has antioxidant, antifungal and antitrypanosomal activitiessup>[4]sup>[5].
    7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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