2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Proteasome

Proteasome

Proteasome

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Proteasomes are very large protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. In eukaryotes, they are located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The main function of the proteasome is to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds. Enzymes that carry out such reactions are called proteases. Proteasomes are part of a major mechanism by which cells regulate the concentration of particular proteins and degrade misfolded proteins. The degradation process yields peptides of about seven to eight amino acids long, which can then be further degraded into amino acids and used in synthesizing new proteins. Proteins are tagged for degradation with a small protein called ubiquitin. The tagging reaction is catalyzed by enzymes called ubiquitin ligases. Once a protein is tagged with a single ubiquitin molecule, this is a signal to other ligases to attach additional ubiquitin molecules. The result is a polyubiquitin chain that is bound by the proteasome, allowing it to degrade the tagged protein.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-118355
    ALLM
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    ALLM (Calpain inhibitor II) is a potent inhibitor of calpain and cathepsin proteases. ALLM inhibits neuronal cell death and improves chronic neurological function after spinal cord injury (SCI).
    ALLM
  • HY-101786
    KZR-504
    		Inhibitor 99.12%
    KZR-504 is a highly selective inhibitor of immunoproteasome low molecular mass polypeptide 2 (LMP2), with IC50s of 51 nM, 4.274 μM for LMP2 and LMP7, respectively. KZR-504 is of interest for the treatment of autoimmune disease.
    KZR-504
  • HY-114170
    ML604440
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    ML604440 is a specific and cell-permeable Proteasome β1i (LMP2) subunit inhibitor. ML604440 can be used in experimental colitis, EAE and autoimmune disease research. ML604440 shows synergistic effects and advantageous when combined with LMP7 inhibitor.
    ML604440
  • HY-123053
    Z-Leu-Leu-Glu-AMC
    		99.91%
    Z-Leu-Leu-Glu-AMC is a substrate peptide, and can be used for determination of postacidic-like hydrolysing activity of 20S proteasome
    Z-Leu-Leu-Glu-AMC
  • HY-145542
    Isovalerylcarnitine chloride
    		Activator ≥98.0%
    Isovalerylcarnitine chloride, a product of the catabolism of L-leucine, is a potent activator of the Ca2+-dependent proteinase (calpain) of human neutrophils.
    Isovalerylcarnitine chloride
  • HY-139066
    Punicic acid
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Punicic acid is a bioactive compound of pomegranate seed oil. Punicic acid is an isomer of conjugated α-linolenic acid and ω-5 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Punicic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and can inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Punicic acid can also reduce the formation of β-amyloid deposits and hyperphosphorylation of tau by increasing the expression of GLUT4 protein and inhibiting the overactivation of calpain, and is used to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, punicic acid also has breast cancer inhibitor properties that depend on lipid peroxidation and PKC pathways.
    Punicic acid
  • HY-145155
    Calpain-2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.84%
    Calpain-2-IN-1 (Formula 1A) is a isoform-specific calpain-2 inhibitor with Kis of 181 nM and 7.8 nM for calpain-1, and calpain-2, respectively. Calpain-2-IN-1 can be used for the research of neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases of synaptic function.
    Calpain-2-IN-1
  • HY-123052
    Ac-PAL-AMC
    		≥98.0%
    Ac-PAL-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate specific for 20S proteasome LMP2/β1i activity.
    Ac-PAL-AMC
  • HY-109001
    Alicapistat
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Alicapistat (ABT-957) is an orally active selective inhibitor of human calpains 1 and 2 for the potential application of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alicapistat mitigates the metabolic liability of carbonyl reduction and inhibits calpain 1 with an IC50 value of 395 nM.
    Alicapistat
  • HY-123051
    Ac-WLA-AMC
    		99.40%
    Ac-WLA-AMC is a specific 20S constitutive proteasome β5 fluorogenic substrate.
    Ac-WLA-AMC
  • HY-W017227
    Alloxan hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Alloxan hydrate is a diabetogenic agent to induce diabetes. Alloxan hydrate is a proteasome inhibitor. Alloxan causes diabetes in experimental animals through its ability to destroy the insulin-secreting B-cells of the pancreas.
    Alloxan hydrate
  • HY-151252
    NIC-0102
    		Inhibitor 98.72%
    NIC-0102 is an orally active proteasome inhibitor (pIC50=7.55) that specifically inhibits NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle activation. NIC-0102 shows potent anti-inflammatory effects in a model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis. NIC-0102 also inhibits production of pro-IL-1β.
    NIC-0102
  • HY-P1258
    PSI
    		Inhibitor
    PSI (Proteasome Inhibitor 1) is a potent proteasome inhibitor. PSI inhibits the proliferation of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells. PSI has the potential for the research of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection and KSHV-associated lymphomas.
    PSI
  • HY-108551
    MG-262
    		Inhibitor
    MG-262 is a reversible proteasome inhibitor with diverse biological activities.
    MG-262
  • HY-P2016
    Ac-Nle-Pro-Nle-Asp-AMC
    		99.85%
    Ac-Nle-Pro-Nle-Asp-AMC is a specific substrate for 26S proteasome. Ac-Nle-Pro-Nle-Asp-AMC can be used for the 26S proteasome caspase-like activity analysis.
    Ac-Nle-Pro-Nle-Asp-AMC
  • HY-12286
    PI-1840
    		Inhibitor 98.78%
    PI-1840 is a potent and selective chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) inhibitor for with an IC50 value of 27 nM. PI-1840 inhibits cell proliferation and arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase. PI-1840 induces apoptosis and induces autophagy. PI-1840 induces the accumulation of proteasome substrates p27, Bax, and IκB-α.
    PI-1840
  • HY-124757
    FiVe1
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    FiVe1 is a potent vimentin (VIM; the intermediate filament and mesenchymal marker) inhibitor. FiVe1 promotes VIM disorganization and phosphorylation during metaphase, leading to mitotic catastrophe, multinucleation, and the loss of stemness.?FiVe1 selectively and irreversibly inhibits the growth of multiple FOXC2-expressing breast cancer cell lines (HMLER cells (IC50:?267 nM); FOXC2-HMLER cells (IC50:?447 nM). FiVe1 inhibits the migration of mesenchymally transformed cells.
    FiVe1
  • HY-131350
    LXE408
    		Inhibitor 99.08%
    LXE408 is an orally active, non-competitive and kinetoplastid-selective proteasome inhibitor. LXE408 has an IC50 of 0.04 μM for L. donovani proteasome and an EC50 of 0.04 μM for L. donovani. LXE408 has a low propensity to cross the blood brain barrier. LXE408 has the potential for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) research.
    LXE408
  • HY-132850
    Dazcapistat
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Dazcapistat is a potent calpain inhibitor, with IC50s of <3 μM for calpain 1, calpain 2 and calpain 9, respectively (patent WO2018064119A1, compound 405).
    Dazcapistat
  • HY-W054146
    RAMB4
    		Inhibitor 98.02%
    RAMB4 is a ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-stressor. RAMB4 inhibits ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation upstream of the 20S proteasomal catalytic activites. RAMB4 triggers a ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS)-stress response without affecting 20S proteasome catalytic activities. Anticancer activity.
    RAMB4
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity