Acetazolamide sodium 

Acetazolamide sodium is a carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 30 nM for hCA IX. Acetazolamide sodium has diuretic, antihypertensive and anti-gonococcal activities^[1][4][5][6].

Acetazolamide also inhibits hCA II with an IC₅₀ of 130 nM^[1].
Acetazolamide (Ace) is a small heteroaromatic sulfonamide that binds to various carbonic anhydrases with high affinity, acting as a carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor^[2].
Compared with the control group, the high Acetazolamide concentration (AceH, 50 nM), Cisplatin (Cis; 1 μg/mL) and Cis combined with the low Acetazolamide concentration (AceL, 10 nM) treatments significantly reduces viability of Hep-2 cells^[2].
Treatment with the Acetazolamide/Cis combination significantly increases the expression levels of P53, as both AceL+Cis and AceH+Cis treatments result in significantly increased P53 protein expression levels compared with the control group. The Ace/Cis combination treatment significantly reduces the bcl-2/bax expression ratio, and increases the expression of caspase-3 protein, compared with the control group. AceL, AceH, Cis and AceL+Cis treatments significantly reduce the bcl-2/bax ratio compared with the control group^[2].
Combined Ace and Cis treatment effectively promotes apoptosis in Hep-2 cells^[2].
Combined treatment with Ace/Cis markedly decreases the expression of AQP1 mRNA in Hep-2 cells. Both AceH and AceL+Cis treatments decrease the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) mRNA in Hep-2 cells compared with the control group^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Acetazolamide (40 mg/kg) significantly potentiates the inhibitory effect of MS-275 on tumorigenesis in neuroblastoma (NB) SH-SY5Y xenografts^[3].
Acetazolamide (40 mg/kg) and/or MS-275 treatment reduce expression of HIF1-α and CAIX in NB SH-SY5Y xenograft^[3].
Acetazolamide (40 mg/kg), MS-275 and Acetazolamide+MS-275 reduce expression of mitotic and proliferative markers in NB SH-SY5Y xenografts^[3]. Acetazolamide (50 mg/kg; PO, for 3 days) significantly reduces the gonococcal load in the vagina of infected mice by 90%^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

245.24

C₄H₆N₄NaO₃S₂

1424-27-7

Solid

White to off-white

CC(NC1=NN=C(S(=O)(N)=O)S1)=O.[Na]

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

• [1]. Bayat Mokhtari R, et al. Acetazolamide potentiates the anti-tumor potential of HDACi, MS-275, in neuroblastoma. BMC Cancer. 2017 Feb 24;17(1):156.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Hou Z, et al. Dual-tail approach to discovery of novel carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors by simultaneously matching the hydrophobic and hydrophilic halves of the active site. Eur J Med Chem. 2017 May 26;132:1-10.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Gao H, et al. Combined treatment with acetazolamide and cisplatin enhances chemosensitivity in laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells. Oncol Lett. 2018 Jun;15(6):9299-9306.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Kassamali R, et al. Acetazolamide: a forgotten diuretic agent. Cardiol Rev. 2011 Nov-Dec;19(6):276-8.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Jabeen E, et al. Interaction of antihypertensive acetazolamide with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2013 Aug 5;125:155-63.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Abutaleb NS, et al. In vivo efficacy of acetazolamide in a mouse model of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. Microb Pathog. 2022 Mar;164:105454.  [Content Brief]