2. Induced Disease Models Products GPCR/G Protein Apoptosis
  3. Cardiovascular System Disease Models Angiotensin Receptor Apoptosis
  4. Hypertension Models
  5. Angiotensin II human acetate

Angiotensin II human acetate  (Synonyms: Angiotensin II acetate; Ang II acetate; DRVYIHPF acetate)

Cat. No.: HY-13948A Purity: 99.62%
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Angiotensin II human (Angiotensin II) acetate is a vasoconstrictor and a major bioactive peptide of the renin/angiotensin system. Angiotensin II human acetate plays a central role in regulating human blood pressure, which is mainly mediated by interactions between Angiotensin II and the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). Angiotensin II human acetate stimulates sympathetic nervous stimulation, increases aldosterone biosynthesis and renal actions. Angiotensin II human acetate induces growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, increases collagen type I and III synthesis in fibroblasts, leading to thickening of the vascular wall and myocardium, and fibrosis. Angiotensin II human acetate also induces apoptosis. Angiotensin II human acetate induces capillary formation from endothelial cells via the LOX-1 dependent redox-sensitive pathway.

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Angiotensin II human acetate Chemical Structure

Angiotensin II human acetate Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 68521-88-0

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Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in Water USD 80 In-stock
Solid
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10 mg USD 66 In-stock
50 mg USD 278 In-stock
100 mg USD 500 In-stock
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Based on 116 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Angiotensin II human acetate:

Angiotensin II human acetate Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

112 Publications Citing Use of MCE Angiotensin II human acetate

WB
RT-PCR

    Angiotensin II human acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2023 Apr 24;111938.  [Abstract]

    Angiotensin II human (Ang II; 1 μM; 48 h) increases the expression of MFN1, t-CaMKⅡ and p-CaMKⅡ and decreases the expression of SERCA2 in NMCMs.

    Angiotensin II human acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomedicines. 2022, 10(12), 3131.

    Angiotensin II human (Ang II; 100 nM; 24 h) pretreatment significantly increases both the protein level of CtBP1 during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis.

    Angiotensin II human acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomedicines. 2022, 10(12), 3131.

    Angiotensin II human (Ang II; 100 nM; 24 h) pretreatment significantly increases both the mRNA level of CtBP1 during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis.

    Angiotensin II human acetate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2020 Apr;121:105703.  [Abstract]

    HPMCs are treated with 5.6 mM glucose (NG) or with 236 mM glucose (HG), or 100 nM AngII (AngII), or 236 mM glucose plus 10 mM valsartan (HGþvalsartan), or 100 nM AngII plus 10 mM valsartan (AngIIþvalsartan) for 24 h. The protein levels of p-mTOR, mTOR, p-4EBP1, 4EBP1, p-S6K1, and S6K1 are examined by Western blot analysis.

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    Description

    Angiotensin II human (Angiotensin II) acetate is a vasoconstrictor and a major bioactive peptide of the renin/angiotensin system. Angiotensin II human acetate plays a central role in regulating human blood pressure, which is mainly mediated by interactions between Angiotensin II and the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R). Angiotensin II human acetate stimulates sympathetic nervous stimulation, increases aldosterone biosynthesis and renal actions. Angiotensin II human acetate induces growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, increases collagen type I and III synthesis in fibroblasts, leading to thickening of the vascular wall and myocardium, and fibrosis. Angiotensin II human acetate also induces apoptosis. Angiotensin II human acetate induces capillary formation from endothelial cells via the LOX-1 dependent redox-sensitive pathway[1][2][3][4].

    IC50 & Target

    AT2 Receptor

     

    AT1 Receptor

     

    In Vitro

    Most of the known actions of Angiotensin II (Ang II) human acetate are mediated by AT1 receptors, the AT2 receptor contributes to the regulation of blood pressure and renal function[1].
    Angiotensin II human acetate raises blood pressure (BP) by a number of actions, the most important ones being vasoconstriction, sympathetic nervous stimulation, increased aldosterone biosynthesis and renal actions. Other Angiotensin II human acetate actions include induction of growth, cell migration, and mitosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, increased synthesis of collagen type I and III in fibroblasts, leading to thickening of the vascular wall and myocardium, and fibrosis. These actions are mediated by type 1 Ang II receptors (AT1)[2].
    Angiotensin II (1 nM) induces the expression of LOX-1 and VEGF and enhances capillary formation from human coronary endothelial cells in Matrigel assay. Angiotensin II -mediated expression of LOX-1 and VEGF, capillary formation, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, and phosphorylation of p38 as well as p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases, were suppressed by anti-LOX-1 antibody, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor apocynin and the Ang II type 1 receptor blocker Losartan, but not by the Ang II type 2 receptor blocker PD123319[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Angiotensin II human acetate Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    Angiotensin II human acetate can be used to induce models of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy[7][8][9].

    1. Induction of hypertension[7]
    Background
    Angiotensin II human acetate can induce blood vessel constriction: After Ang II binds to its receptor (primarily the AT1 receptor), it activates a series of signaling pathways, such as the opening of calcium channels, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium concentration in vascular smooth muscle cells, causing them to contract, which in turn raises blood pressure;- Promoting inflammatory response: Ang II can also promote the production of inflammatory mediators, for example, by activating NADPH oxidase to produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can damage endothelial cells and promote the infiltration of inflammatory cells, resulting in thickening and hardening of the blood vessel walls, further exacerbating the development of hypertension;- Fibrosis and remodeling: Long-term exposure to high levels of Ang II leads to structural changes in the heart and blood vessels, including myocardial hypertrophy, ventricular remodeling, and fibrosis of the blood vessel walls, all of which are important pathological foundations for hypertension and its complications;- Dysregulation of water and sodium metabolism: As mentioned earlier, Ang II stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone, increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to water and sodium retention in the body, increasing blood volume, which raises blood pressure;- Neuroendocrine regulation: Ang II also plays a role in the regulation of the neuroendocrine system, such as influencing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, enhancing its excitatory effects on the cardiovascular system, indirectly leading to increased blood pressure.
    Specific Mmodeling Methods
    Mice: C57/BL6J • male and female • 12-16 wk old • 21-27 g
    Administration: 800 ng/kg/min, 0.003 mL/min • 7 days • sc, osmotic pump implanted subcutaneously
    Note
    Effect of gender: Chronic ANG II-induced hypertension differs by gender in awake mice. Female mice may be protected from the ANG II-induced increase in blood pressure.
    Modeling Indicators
    Key Factor: Blood pressure ↑ on day 7, blood pressure in male was greater than in female.
    Correlated Product(s): /
    Opposite Product(s): /

    2. Induction of Cardiac Hypertrophy[8][9]
    Background
    Angiotensin II human acetate activates receptors: Ang II exerts its biological effects primarily by binding to its specific receptor AT1R. Once AT1R is activated, it can trigger various downstream signaling pathways;- Intracellular signaling pathways: The activation of AT1R initiates several intracellular signaling cascades, such as the activation of phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC), and the phosphorylation of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) family. These signaling pathways work together to promote the proliferation of cardiac myocytes and protein synthesis, leading to cardiac hypertrophy;- Inflammatory response: Ang II can promote the production of inflammatory factors like tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), which can further exacerbate myocardial injury and the fibrosis process;- Oxidative stress: Ang II can stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and excessive ROS can not only directly damage cardiac myocytes but also activate transcription factors like NF-κB, enhancing the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis;- Extracellular matrix remodeling: Prolonged stimulation by Ang II leads to changes in extracellular matrix components, such as excessive deposition of collagen, which increases myocardial stiffness and disrupts normal heart function.
    Specific Mmodeling Methods
    Mice: C57/BL6J • male • 8 wk old &bull
    Administration: 2 μg/kg/min • 4 weeks • sc, osmotic pump implanted subcutaneously
    Note
    Modeling Indicators
    Indicator changes: Blood pressure in WT mice increased significantly.
    Appearance monitoring: cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
    Correlated Product(s): /
    Opposite Product(s): Eplerenone (HY-B0251)

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    1106.23

    Formula

    C52H75N13O14
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    Sequence

    Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe
    Sequence Shortening

    DRVYIHPF
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    Sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen

    Powder -80°C 2 years
    -20°C 1 year

    *In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    H2O : 5 mg/mL (4.52 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 37°C)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 0.9040 mL 4.5199 mL 9.0397 mL
    5 mM --- --- ---
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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    In Vivo:

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

      Solubility: 10 mg/mL (9.04 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  Saline

      Solubility: 16.67 mg/mL (15.07 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
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    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
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    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.81%

    SDS (393 KB)

    COA (257 KB) LCMS (90 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    H2O 1 mM 0.9040 mL 4.5199 mL 9.0397 mL 22.5993 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    Angiotensin II human acetate Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Angiotensin II human68521-88-0Angiotensin IIAng IIDRVYIHPFAngiotensin ReceptorApoptosisInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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