Harmane hydrochloride 

Harmane hydrochloride is a benzodiazepine receptor inhibitor (IC₅₀=7 μM), with IC₅₀ values for mACh, Opioid Receptor, MAO-A/B, and α2-adrenergic receptor of 24 μM, 2.8 μM, 0.5 μM, 5 μM, and 18 μM, respectively. Harmane hydrochloride inhibits the I1 imidazoline receptor (IC₅₀ = 30 nM) to reduce blood pressure and has antidepressant, anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, and analgesic effects. Harmane hydrochloride inhibits dopamine biosynthesis by decreasing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and enhancing L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Additionally, Harmane hydrochloride can increase the mutagenic effect induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}.

Harmane hydrochloride also inhibits haloperidol and serotonin, with IC₅₀ values of 163 μM and 101 μM, respectively^[1].
The IC₅₀ of Harmane hydrochloride for benzodiazepine receptor flunitrazepam is 7 μM, the IC₅₀ for the opioid receptor is 2.8 μM, and in the presence of 50 mM sodium ions, the IC₅₀ for the opioid receptor is 42 μM, and the IC₅₀ for spiropyrinol and serotonin is 163, 101 μM^[1].
The IC₅₀ of Harmane hydrochloride for I1 imidazoline receptor is 30 nM), and the IC₅₀ for α2-adrenergic receptor is 18 μM^[2].
Harmane hydrochloride (1 μM) increases the mutagenicity of AAF to Salmonella typhimurium TA98 by three times in the presence of an S-9 mixture (containing 4 μM NADH and NADPH per ml but no NADP); in the absence of S-9, it increases the mutagenicity of N-acetyloxy AAF by 2.5 times^[4].
Harmane hydrochloride (5-25 μM, 0-72 h) reduced the dopamine content in PC12 cells (IC₅₀ is 21.2 μM) in a concentration-dependent manner and could reduce the dopamine content induces by L-DOPA^[6].
Harmane hydrochloride (20 μM, 0-72 h) inhibits the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in PC12 cells at 24 h and restores it to normal levels at 72 h; it inhibits the expression of TH mRNA at 6 h and restores it at 48 h^[6].
Harmane hydrochloride (20μM, 30min) reduces the intracellular cyclic AMP level and intracellular calcium ion concentration in PC12 cells^[6].
Harmane hydrochloride (80-150μM, 24-48h) exhibits cytotoxicity and induces cell death^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Harman (0-12.5mg/kg, i.v., single dose) has an ED₅₀ of 3.6 mg/kg for convulsant activity in rats. Its anticonvulsant effect lasts for a short time and delays the reaction time to pain^[1].
Harman (0.01-1 nM, injected into rostralventrolateral medulla, single dose) caused a decrease in blood pressure in rats^[2].
Harman (2.5-10 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) had anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in rats^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

218.68

C₁₂H₁₁ClN₂

21655-84-5

CC1=NC=CC2=C1NC3=C2C=CC=C3.Cl

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.

• [1]. W E Müller, et al. On the neuropharmacology of harmane and other beta-carbolines. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1981 May;14(5):693-9.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Musgrave IF, et, al. Harmane produces hypotension following microinjection into the RVLM: possible role of I(1)-imidazoline receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Mar;129(6):1057-9.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Glover V, et, al. β-Carbolines as selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors:In vivo implications  [Content Brief]

  [4]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/345280/

  [5]. E D Louis, et al. Harmane induces anxiolysis and antidepressant-like effects in rats. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Aug 9;65(3):391-6.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Yoo Jung Yang, et al. Effects of harman and norharman on dopamine biosynthesis and L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Jun 10;587(1-3):57-64.  [Content Brief]