2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Endogenous Metabolite
  4. Lactate

Lactate (Lactic acid) is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator and an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation. Lactate is a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactate is an oncometabolite and has immune protective role of lactate in anti-tumor immunity.

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Lactate Chemical Structure

Lactate Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 50-21-5

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Based on 24 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Lactate:

Lactate Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Lactate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Redox Biol. 2025 Feb 15:81:103553.  [Abstract]

    Immunoblot and quantification analyses of NFS1 in HCC cells incubated with 0, 5, or 10 mM lactate after being subjected to either a 47 °C or 37 °C water bath.

    Lactate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2025 Feb 28;16(1):144.  [Abstract]

    Lactate (25 mM) significantly increases the mRNA and protein expression of FBXO33.

    Lactate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2025 Feb 28;16(1):144.  [Abstract]

    Co-IP detected the effect of lactate on YY1 protein lactylation modification.

    Lactate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2025 Mar 20;16(1):193.  [Abstract]

    Lactate sodium (5-15 mM; 24 h) ​​results​​ in increased H4K12la (red) levels in CCSCs compared to the control group.

    Lactate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2024 Mar 5;43(1):68.  [Abstract]

    Lactate sodium increases IGF-1R levels in PI-resistant KAS-6/1 and U266 cells.

    Lactate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Res. 2023 Sep;33(9):679-698.  [Abstract]

    Lactate (NALA) (300 mM; 24 h) significantly upregulates α-MHC K1897 lactylation in H9c2 cells.

    Lactate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Ginseng Res. 2023 Dec 27.

    The expression level of METTL3, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, and YTHDC1 in NB4-R1 and NB4-R2 cells treated with 20 μM oxamate or 20 μM lactate or 1 μM ATRA for 48 h was detected via qRT-PCR.

    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

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    • Customer Review

    Description

    Lactate (Lactic acid) is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator and an epigenetic modulator inducing lysine residues lactylation. Lactate is a glycolysis end-product, bridging the gap between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Lactate is an oncometabolite and has immune protective role of lactate in anti-tumor immunity[1][2].

    IC50 & Target[1][2]

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    In Vitro

    Lactate (Lactic acid; 20 mM; 24, 48 h) results in a significant decrease in cell proliferation and migration, acting and switching cell metabolism toward oxidative phosphorylation[1].
    Lactate (20 mM; 24 h) shows an increase in the protein and mRNA expression levels of MCT1 and HCAR1[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Lactate Related Antibodies

    Cell Proliferation Assay[1]

    Cell Line: Uveal melanoma 92.1 cells
    Concentration: 20 mM
    Incubation Time: 24, 48 h
    Result: Inhibited cell proliferation and migration.

    Western Blot Analysis[1]

    Cell Line: Uveal melanoma cells
    Concentration: 20 mM
    Incubation Time: 24 h
    Result: Showed an increase in the protein expression levels of MCT1 and HCAR1

    Western Blot Analysis[1]

    Cell Line: Uveal melanoma cells
    Concentration: 20 mM
    Incubation Time: 24 h
    Result: Induced a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of SLC16A1 and HCAR1.
    In Vivo

    Lactate (Lactic acid; 1.6 g/kg; pH 7.4; subcutaneous; daily from Day 8 to 30 days) shows CD8+ T cell-dependent tumor growth inhibition in MC38 colon cancer model[2].
    Note: The pH of the working solution needs to be adjusted to around 7.4 before administration to animals.

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Model: Female C57BL/6 mice with MC38 colon cancer cells[2]
    Dosage: 1.6 g/kg
    Administration: Subcutaneous; daily from Day 8 to 30 days
    Result: Significantly suppressed tumor growth.
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    90.08

    Formula

    C3H6O3
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Liquid (Density: 1.209 g/cm3)

    Color

    Colorless to light yellow

    SMILES

    CC(O)C(O)=O
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Pure form -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 100 mg/mL (1110.15 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    H2O : 100 mg/mL (1110.15 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 11.1015 mL 55.5074 mL 111.0149 mL
    5 mM 2.2203 mL 11.1015 mL 22.2030 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 91.61%

    SDS (476 KB)

    COA (248 KB) HNMR (230 KB) LCMS (278 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO / H2O 1 mM 11.1015 mL 55.5074 mL 111.0149 mL 277.5372 mL
    5 mM 2.2203 mL 11.1015 mL 22.2030 mL 55.5074 mL
    10 mM 1.1101 mL 5.5507 mL 11.1015 mL 27.7537 mL
    15 mM 0.7401 mL 3.7005 mL 7.4010 mL 18.5025 mL
    20 mM 0.5551 mL 2.7754 mL 5.5507 mL 13.8769 mL
    25 mM 0.4441 mL 2.2203 mL 4.4406 mL 11.1015 mL
    30 mM 0.3700 mL 1.8502 mL 3.7005 mL 9.2512 mL
    40 mM 0.2775 mL 1.3877 mL 2.7754 mL 6.9384 mL
    50 mM 0.2220 mL 1.1101 mL 2.2203 mL 5.5507 mL
    60 mM 0.1850 mL 0.9251 mL 1.8502 mL 4.6256 mL
    80 mM 0.1388 mL 0.6938 mL 1.3877 mL 3.4692 mL
    100 mM 0.1110 mL 0.5551 mL 1.1101 mL 2.7754 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    Lactate Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Lactate50-21-5Lactic acidEndogenous Metabolitehydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1HCAR1epigeneticlysine residues lactylationglycolysisoxidative phosphorylationoncometaboliteanti-tumorInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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