2. Dye Reagents

Dye Reagents

A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.

A new approach is presented for analysis of microplastics in environmental samples, based on selective fluorescent staining using Nile Red (NR), followed by density-based extraction and filtration. The dye adsorbs onto plastic surfaces and renders them fluorescent when irradiated with blue light. Fluorescence emission is detected using simple photography through an orange filter. Image-analysis allows fluorescent particles to be identified and counted. Magnified images can be recorded and tiled to cover the whole filter area, allowing particles down to a few micrometres to be detected. The solvatochromic nature of Nile Red also offers the possibility of plastic categorisation based on surface polarity characteristics of identified particles. This article details the development of this staining method and its initial cross-validation by comparison with infrared (IR) microscopy. Microplastics of different sizes could be detected and counted in marine sediment samples. The fluorescence staining identified the same particles as those found by scanning a filter area with IR-microscopy.

Cyanine dyes can be used to quantify the amount of dsDNA within a sample. The linearity of fluorescence, as function of DNA amount of six dyes, is obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity at the optimal excitation and emission maxima.

Dye Reagents (2829):

Cat. No. Product Name CAS No. Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-D0218
    Thioflavin T 2390-54-7 ≥98.0%
    Thioflavin T is a cationic Benzothiazole dye that shows enhanced fluorescence upon binding to amyloid in tissue sections.
    Thioflavin T
  • HY-128868E
    FITC-Dextran (MW 70000) 60842-46-8
    FITC-Dextran (MW 70000) is a compound belonging to the class of fluorescent dyes. It is commonly used in biomedical research as a tracer molecule to label and track cells or other biological matter. FITC-Dextran consists of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and dextran, a complex carbohydrate derived from starch. The combination of the two creates a stable fluorescent tracer that can be viewed under a microscope or quantified using specialized detection instruments.
    FITC-Dextran (MW 70000)
  • HY-D0086
    DIDS sodium salt 67483-13-0 ≥99.0%
    DIDS sodium salt (MDL101114ZA) is a dual inhibitor of ABCA1 and VDAC1. DIDS also inhibits RAD51, inhibiting RAD51-mediated homologous pairing and strand exchange reactions. DIDS inhibits anion exchange and binding to red blood cell membranes, inhibits the activation of caspase-3 and -9, and can be used in cancer research.
    DIDS sodium salt
  • HY-D1300
    LysoTracker Red 231946-72-8
    LysoTracker Red is a Red fluorescently labeled lysosomal probe with a maximum excitation/emission wavelength of 577/590 nm. The structure is composed of a fluorescein group and linked weak bases, which can freely cross the cell membrane and gather on spherical organelles. It is suitable for observing the internal biosynthesis and related pathogenesis of lysosomes.
    LysoTracker Red
  • HY-103311
    Ruthenium red 11103-72-3
    Ruthenium red (Ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride) is a polycationic dye widely used for electron microscopy (EM) of cells, tissues and vegetative bacteria. Ruthenium red strongly reacts with phospholipids and fatty acids and binds to acidic mucopolysaccharides. Ruthenium red is a L-type calcium current (ICa) blocker.
    Ruthenium red
  • HY-B0324A
    Crystal Violet 548-62-9
    Crystal Violet, also known as Gentian violet, methyl violet 10B, is a triphenyl-methane, an alkaline dye that binds to DNA in the nucleus of a cell, staining it a deep purple. It is often used for Gram staining to classify bacteria, or for cell or histological staining[1].
    Crystal Violet
  • HY-108537
    L 012 sodium salt 143556-24-5 99.63%
    L 012 sodium salt a luminol-based chemiluminescent (CL) probe, is widely used in vitro and in vivo to detect NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived superoxide (O2•−) and identify Nox inhibitors.
    L 012 sodium salt
  • HY-131045
    HADA hydrochloride 2253733-10-5 99.08%
    HADA hydrochloride (HCC-Amino-D-alanine hydrochloride) is a blue (λem~450 nm) fluorescent D-amino acid (FDAA). FDAAs are efficiently incorporated into the peptidoglycans (PGs) of diverse bacterial species at the sites of PG biosynthesis, allowing specific and covalent probing of bacterial growth with minimal perturbation.
    HADA hydrochloride
  • HY-103240
    Methoxy-X04 863918-78-9 98.47%
    Methoxy-X04 is a fluorescent dye that crosses the blood-brain barrier and selectively binds to beta-pleated sheets found in dense core amyloid Aβ plaques. Methoxy-X04 retains in vitro binding affinity for amyloid b (Ab) fibrils (Ki= 26.8 nM). Methoxy-X04 is fluorescent and stains plaques, tangles, and cerebrovascular amyloid in postmortem sections of AD brain with good specificity.
    Methoxy-X04
  • HY-D0257
    Tartrazine 1934-21-0 ≥98.0%
    Tartrazine (Acid Yellow 23; FD&C Yellow No. 5) is an orally active azo acid dye, orange-yellow powder, soluble in water and turns yellow. Tartrazine is mainly used as a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye for food coloring. Tartrazine is the most stable colorant.Tartrazine induces mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis. Tartrazine can cause neurodevelopmental toxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity.
    Tartrazine
  • HY-119287
    TSQ 109628-27-5 99.50%
    TSQ is a cytosolic zinc fluorescence probe that is membrane permeable and can be used for intracellular imaging of zinc proteins (λmax ~470 nm). TSQ can combine with Zn2+ in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ to produce blue fluorescence.
    TSQ
  • HY-112697
    Rhodamine B isothiocyanate 36877-69-7
    Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC) is a fluorescent dye commonly used in biological imaging and labeling applications. It has an isothiocyanate functional group that can be covalently attached to amino groups on proteins and other biomolecules, making it useful for fluorescent labeling of cells and tissues. RBITC fluoresces bright orange-red under green light excitation, which makes it easy to detect and track labeled molecules in complex samples. Due to its stability and sensitivity, RBITC has been widely used in various research fields, including cell biology, immunology, and neurobiology.
    Rhodamine B isothiocyanate
  • HY-136976
    WST-1 150849-52-8 ≥98.0%
    WST-1 is a kind of water-soluble tetrazolium salt. WST induces the intracellular mitochondrial dehydrogenase to conduct NADH-dependent enzyme digestion reaction, releasing the water-soluble methyl benzene product. WST-1 can be used for the detection of cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, via the determination of the light absorption value at 450 nm.
    WST-1
  • HY-111496
    Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin sodium 325143-98-4
    Sulfo-NHS-SS-biotin is a long-chain cleavable and cell-impermeant amine-reactive biotinylation reagent. Sulfo-NHS-SS-biotin can be used for the labeling and purifying of cell-surface protein.
    Sulfo-NHS-SS-Biotin sodium
  • HY-D0034
    9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid 307554-62-7
    9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid (ABMDMA) is a biological dye and indicator used to detect singlet oxygen generation (SOG). 9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid is water-soluble derivative of anthracene. 9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid can be photobleached by singlet oxygen to its corresponding endoperoxide. This reaction can be monitored spectrophotometrically by recording the decrease of absorbance at 400 nm.
    9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid
  • HY-D0908
    Ninhydrin 485-47-2 ≥98.0%
    Ninhydrin can be used as a chromogenic analytical probe for the quantification of amino acids and proteins.
    Ninhydrin
  • HY-128868I
    FITC-Dextran (MW 2000000) 60842-46-8
    FITC-Dextran (MW 2000000) is a compound belonging to the class of fluorescent dyes. It is commonly used in biomedical research as a tracer molecule to label and track cells or other biological matter. FITC-Dextran consists of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and dextran, a complex carbohydrate derived from starch. The combination of the two creates a stable fluorescent tracer that can be viewed under a microscope or quantified using specialized detection instruments.
    FITC-Dextran (MW 2000000)
  • HY-D0970
    Diphenyl Blue 72-57-1
    Diphenyl Blue (Trypan Blue) is a cell active dye, the most commonly used dye for the identification of dead cells, of en used to test cell membrane integrity and cell viability. Diphenyl Blue staining is one of the methods for tissue and cell culture. When cells are deactivated or have incomplete cell membranes, Diphenyl Blue can stain them Blue. Normal living cells with intact cell membranes reject Diphenyl blue and do not stain them blue. However, macrophages are capable of phagocytosis of Diphenyl Blue, so it can be used as a living stain for macrophages.
    Diphenyl Blue
  • HY-15096
    MKT-077 147366-41-4 ≥98.0%
    MKT-077 (FJ-776), a highly water-soluble mitochondrial dye, has significant antitumor activity. MKT-077 exhibits low cytotoxicity, and inhibits broad-spectrum human cancer cell lines (colon cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer). MKT-077 inhibits the growth of tumor in nude mice enograft tumor model. Ex/Em=488/543 nm.
    MKT-077
  • HY-D0286
    Fluorol Yellow 088 81-37-8 ≥98.0%
    Fluorol Yellow 088 is a fluorescent dye that can be used as a biological material or an organic compound for life science research. Fluorol Yellow 088 is suitable for lipid staining in plant tissues, particularly for the fluorescence imaging of suberized cell walls and hydrophobic structures, with an excitation wavelength of 365 nm and an emission wavelength of ≥420 nm.
    Fluorol Yellow 088