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Cu(II)-Elesclomol is a Cu2+ complex of Elesclomol (HY-12040). Cu(II)-Elesclomol induces cuproptosis. Cu(II)-Elesclomol also inducesapoptosis, causes a G1 cell cycle block and induces DNA double strand breaks in K562 cells. Cu(II)-Elesclomol also weakly inhibits DNA topoisomerase I. Cu(II)-Elesclomol has anticancer activity .
Cu(II)GTSM, a cell-permeable Cu-complex, significantly inhibits GSK3β. Cu(II)GTSM inhibits Amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs) and decreases tau phosphorylation. Cu(II)GTSM also decreases the abundance of Amyloid-β trimers. Cu(II)GTSM is a potential anticancer and antimicrobial agent .
CU-115 is a potent TLR8 antagonist (IC50=1.04 µM), and shows selective for TLR8 over TLR7 (IC50=>50 µM). CU-115 decreases TNF-α and IL-1β production activated by R-848 in THP-1 cells .
CU-CPD107 is a potent, selective toll-like receptor 8 (TLR 8) agonist. CU-CPD107 inhibits TLR8 signaling. CU-CPD107 converts to synergistic agonist activities in the presence of ssRNA and induces TLR8 signaling. CU-CPD107 inhibits proinflammatory factor expression and avoids immune responses in the presence of ssRNA .
CU-76 is an inhibitor for human cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (hcGAS) with an IC50 of 0.24 μM. CU-76 selectively inhibits the DNA pathway in human cells, and can be used in autoimmune research .
Cu/Zn Superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD; SOD1) is a cytosolic copper-zinc dimer form of superoxide dismutase enzyme. Cu/Zn Superoxide dismutase has oxygen radical enzymatic dismutation .
CU-3 is the racemate of (5Z,2E)-CU-3. (5Z,2E)-CU-3 is a potent and selective inhibitor against the α-isozyme of DGK with an IC50 value of 0.6 μM, competitively inhibits the affinity of DGKα for ATP with a Km value of 0.48 mM. (5Z,2E)-CU-3 targets the catalytic region, but not the regulatory region of DGKα. (5Z,2E)-CU-3 has antitumoral and proimmunogenic effects, enhances the apoptosis of cancer cells and the activation of T cells .
CU-T12-9 is a specific TLR1/2 agonist with EC50 of 52.9 nM in HEK-Blue hTLR2 SEAP assay. CU-T12-9 activates both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. CU-T12-9 selectively activates the TLR1/2 heterodimer, not TLR2/6. CU-T12-9 signals through NF-κB and invokes an elevation of the downstream effectors TNF-α, IL-10, and iNOS .
Mesulergine (CU32-085) hydrochloride is a potent 5-HT2C antagonist and dopamine (DA) agonist. Mesulergine hydrochloride presentes hyperphagia. Mesulergine hydrochloride has the potential for the research of cognitive processes .
CU-CPT22 is a potent protein complex of toll-like receptor 1 and 2 (TLR1/2) inhibitor, and competes with the synthetic triacylated lipoprotein (Pam3CSK4) binding to TLR1/2 with a Ki of 0.41 µM. CU-CPT22 blocks Pam3CSK4-induced TLR1/2 activation with an IC50 of 0.58 µM .
CU-CPT 4a (TLR3-IN-1) is a potent, highly selective TLR3 signaling inhibitor. CU-CPT 4a represses the expression of downstream signaling pathways mediated by the TLR3/dsRNA complex, including TNF-α and IL-1β .
Anhydrous copper sulfate, 99% (Cupric sulfate anhydrous, 99%) is an orally administerable disinfectant. Anhydrous copper sulfate, 99% can be used as a biomaterial or organic compound related to life sciences research, and it can increase the Cu content in rat organs .
Cu (II) Protoporphyrin IX is used as a negative control for Zn (II) Protoporphyrin (an inihibitor of heme oxygenase). Heme oxygenase has been implicated in tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy, reduction of free radical formation and inflammation, and associated with vascular repair .
SA09-Cu is a noncompetitive and potent NDM-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 9.6 nM. SA09-Cu can convert NDM-1 into an inactive state by oxidizing the Zn(II)-thiolate site of the enzyme and avoids to be reduced by intracellular thiols of bacteria. SA09-Cu exhibits excellent inhibition against a series of clinical NDM-1-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in restoring the Meropenem (HY-13678) effect, and slows down the development of carbapenem resistance .
8AQ?Cu?5Iu is an activator of SIRT1. 8AQ?Cu?5Iu exhibits neuroprotective effects by
modulating the SIRT1/3-FOXO3a signaling pathway. 8AQ?Cu?5Iu can used in study attenuating neurodegenerative diseases .
(5Z,2E)-CU-3 is a potent and selective inhibitor against the α-isozyme of DGK with an IC50 value of 0.6 μM, competitively inhibits the affinity of DGKα for ATP with a Km value of 0.48 mM. (5Z,2E)-CU-3 targets the catalytic region, but not the regulatory region of DGKα. (5Z,2E)-CU-3 has antitumoral and proimmunogenic effects, enhances the apoptosis of cancer cells and the activation of T cells .
[Cu2Cl2(4'-(4-Methoxy-1-naphthyl)-terpy)2](PF6)2 (Compound 3) is a copper complex, which inhibits cell viability of HCT116, HCT116DoxR, A2780 and fibroblasts, with IC50s of 0.13, 0.15, 0.66 and 6.24 μM, respectively. [Cu2Cl2(4'-(4-Methoxy-1-naphthyl)-terpy)2](PF6)2 induces apoptosis and autophagy, and arrests cell cycle at G0/G1 phase in HCT116DoxR. [Cu2Cl2(4'-(4-Methoxy-1-naphthyl)-terpy)2](PF6)2 exhibits antimetastatic efficacy .
Copper tripeptide (GHK-Cu) is a tripeptide. During wound healing, copper tripeptide may be freed from existing extracellular proteins via proteolysis and serves as a chemoattractant for inflammatory and endothelial cells. Copper tripeptide has been shown to increase messenger RNA production for collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans in fibroblasts. Copper tripeptide is a natural modulator of multiple cllular pathways in skin regeneration .
MMA-NODAGA is a chelator for site-specific labeling of targeting proteins containing unpaired cysteine. MMA-NODAGA can be used to conjugate with exosome and 64Cu in image with positron emission tomography (PET) <[2].
o-Pah is a BODIPY derivative with an -NH2 and -OH substituted meso-Ph group. o-Pah exhibits metal-induced J-aggregation in the presence of Cu2+ and a specific fluorescence enhancement for Hg 2+ (Ex/Em=483/(495-600) nM) .
N-Aminofluorescein is a fluorescein hydrazide with spiro form, a highly selective and sensitive fluorescence probe for Cu2+. N-Aminofluorescein has no selective fluorescence response to other common metal ions, can be used for direct detection of Cu2+ in biological systems with λex/em=495/516 nm .
Salpyran dihydrochloride is a Cu(II) selective chelator with therapeutic potential. Salpyran dihydrochloride prevents the formation of reactive oxygen species from the binary Cu(II)/H2O2 system .
NODAGA-NHS (NODA-GA-NHS ester) is a [64]Cu chelator and the dissociated form of DOTA-trastuzumab in vivo. NODAGA-NHS was added in 0.1 M borate buffer at a ratio of 5/20/100 and was able to effectively bind trastuzumab (10 mg/mL) (4°C, 20 h). The copper content of the [64]Cu-NODAGA-trastuzumab was up to 80%. After blood was drawn from the caudal vein of mice, [64]Cu-NODAGA-trastuzumab was injected and showed good tumor uptake in mice expressing HER2 tumors, showing good PET imaging tracking ability.
AChE-IN-6 (Compound 12a) is an optimal multifunctional ligand with significant inhibition of AChE (EeAChE, IC50 = 0.20 μM; HuAChE, IC50 = 37.02 nM) and anti-Aβ activity (IC50 = 1.92 μM for self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation; IC50 = 1.80 μM for disaggregation of Aβ1-42 fibrils; IC50 = 2.18 μM for Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation; IC50 = 1.17 μM for disaggregation of Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 fibrils). AChE-IN-6 has the potential for the research of Alzheimer's disease .
NOTA-AE105 is an PET ligand of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), which can be radiolabeled by 64Cu and 68Ga. 68Ga-NOTA-AE105 and 64Cu-NOTA-AE105 shows high image contrast, resulting in clear tumor delineation .
(±)13-HODE cholesteryl ester is originally extracted from atherosclerotic lesions1 and shown to be produced by Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of LDL. Later studies determined that 15-LO from rabbit reticulocytes and human monocytes were able to metabolize cholesteryl linoleate, a major component of LDL, to 13-HODE cholesteryl ester.
(±)9-HODE cholesteryl ester is originally extracted from atherosclerotic lesions1 and shown to be produced by Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of LDL.2 Later studies determined that 15-LO from rabbit reticulocytes and human monocytes were able to metabolize cholesteryl linoleate, a major component of LDL, to 9-HODE cholesteryl ester.
DOTA-ADIBO TFA is a DOTA-derived bifunctional chelator (BFC) that allows drug conjugation via an uncatalyzed, copper-free cycloaddition reaction. DOTA-ADIBO TFA enables the construction of fusion chelator systems that can be further used to synthesize radiotracers after Cu[64] modification. Positron emission tomography imaging of tumors expressing integrin αvβ6 .
BTTES is a tris(triazolylmethyl)amine-based ligand for Cu(I) without apparent toxicity. BTTES IMPROVES the cycloaddition reaction rapidly in living systems .
Catechol violet is an efficient and versatile ligand for Cu(I)-catalyzed C-S coupling reactions. Catechol violet is also a complexometric indicator dye .
Coppersensor-1 (CS1) is a membrane-permeable fluorescent dye. Coppersensor-1 has a picomolar affinity for Cu+ with high selectivity over competing cellular metalions. Coppersensor-1 as a probe, can selective and sensitive detection of copper(I) ions (Cu+) in biological samples, including live cells. Coppersensor-1 can be used for the research of imaging of severe diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders and neurogenerative diseases .
CalFluor 580 azide is a fluorogenic azide probe that is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 580 azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes .
CalFluor 647 azide is a fluorogenic azide probe that is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 647 azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes .
Fructosamine hydrochloride (D-Isoglucosamine hydrochloride) is a metabolic intermediate and component of cell membranes and cartilage. Fructosamine hydrochloride induces site-specific breaks in DNA chains, especially in the presence of Cu2+ .
BTTES-acid is an analog of BTTES. BTTES is a tris(triazolylmethyl)amine-based ligand for Cu(I) without apparent toxicity. BTTES improves the cycloaddition reaction rapidly in living systems .
Chitotriose trihydrochloride is an orally active chitooligosaccharide with antioxidant activities. Chitotriose trihydrochloride inhibits hydroxylation of benzoate to salicylate by H2O2 in the presence of Cu2+ (IC50 value of 80 μM) .
Copper(II) perchlorate hexahydrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu(ClO4)2 (H2O) 6 and can be used as a catalyst in certain reaction .
Bz-(Me)Tz-NHS is a click chemistry reagent containing an methyltetrazine group. Bz-(Me)Tz-NHS is 3rd generation Click-Linker for Cu-free click conjugation .
Pyranine (HPTS; Solvent Green 7) is a pH-sensitive fluorescent indicator. Pyranine acts as a class of fluorescent chemosensor for the Cu+ ion(λex=450 nm, λem=510 nm) .
Fmoc-Lys(5-FITC)-OH is a marker for polypeptides or proteins. FITC is a fluorescence probe for the labeling of amines. FITC is a pH- and Cu2+-sensitive fluorescence dye .
Remibrutinib, is a potent and orally active bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1 nM. Remibrutinib inhibits BTK activity with an IC50 value of 0.023 μM in blood . Remibrutinib has the potential for Chronic urticaria (CU) treatment .
ATN-224 is an oral Cu2+/Zn 2+-superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) inhibitor. ATN-224 inhibits SOD1 activity in endothelial cells, an effect that is dose dependent with an IC50 of 17.5±3.7 nM.
BMVC4 is a G-quadruplex (G4) stabilizer of the human telomeric sequence d[AG3(T2AG3)3]. Screening by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed that BMVC4 is more suitable as the core molecule of G4 stabilizers than BMVC. The results showed that BMVC4-12C and BMVC4-8C3O are better candidates for G4 stabilizers and are worthy of further study. A simple and rapid screening method based on Cu2+-induced G4 unfolding can be used to find better G4 stabilizers for potential anticancer applications. CD results showed that the trivalent cations of 9-substituted BMVC derivatives are more suitable as G4 stabilizers than the divalent cations of BMVC. In addition, by monitoring the disappearance of the 291 nm CD band of human telomeres after Cu2+ addition, it was found that the core molecule of G4 stabilizer BMVC4 has better stability.
ROS151 is an AChE inhibitor, with IC50s of 14 nM (hAChE), 1.68 μM (eqBChE), 8.17 μM (hFAAH) respectively. ROS151 is also a chelator of Fe 3+ and Cu2+. ROS151 can be used for research of Alzheimer's disease .
Nitro-PAPS disodium dihydrate is a highly sensitive colometric reagent for Fe(II) detection with a maximal absorption wavelength of 592 nm. Nitro-PAPS disodium dihydrate is suitable for the determination of Fe(II) in serum and also be used to determine micro molar levels of Cu, Zn, Ni, Co and V .
AChE/BuChE-IN-1 (Compound 1), a chrysin derivative, is a selective butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.48 μM. AChE/BuChE-IN-1 inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 of 7.16 μM. AChE/BuChE-IN-1 shows strong scavenging ·OH activities with a IC50 of 0.1674 μM. AChE/BuChE-IN-1 inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS), Aβ1-42 aggregation (self-, Cu2+-induced, AChE-induced). AChE/BuChE-IN-1 has high BBB permeability and bioavailability and low cell toxicity. AChE/BuChE-IN-1 has the potential for Alzheimer' disease (AD) research .
TPA-dT is a thymidine analog with a tris[(2-pyridyl)methyl]amine (TPA) group. TPA-dT can be used to modify siRNAs. The TPA-modified siRNAs remain functionally inactive and is incapable of silencing gene expression until the TPA moiety is removed upon exposure to Cu(I) .
Alkyne Cholesterol, a modified lipid, is a click chemistry reagent containing an alkyne group. The terminal alkyne group can be used in a highly specific linking reaction with azide-containing reagents in the presence of a copper (Cu)-containing catalyst. Alkyne Cholesterol can be used for tracking cellular cholesterol metabolism and localization .
Trisulfo-Cy3 Methyltetrazine is a click chemistry reagent containing an methyltetrazine group. Methyltetrazine-activated Cy3 probe reacts with TCO-containing compounds via an Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder reaction to form a stable covalent bond and does not require Cu-catalyst or elevated temperatures .
Cryptand 2.2.2 is a metal ion chelator that can be used as a reducing agent and stabilizer to prepare nanoparticles. At room temperature, Cryptand 2.2.2 can serve as a host molecule, using the chelation effect to selectively bind desired ions (such as Zn 2+, Co 2+, Ni 2+, Cu2+) .
H3R antagonist 4 (compound 11L) was a dual inhibitor of cholinesterase and histamine receptor (H3R), with corresponding IC50 of 7.04 μM (eeAChE), 9.73 μM (hAChE)(reversible) and 1.09 nM (H3R) , respectively. H3R antagonist 4 inhibited the aggregation of Aβ1-42 induced by itself and Cu2+ (95.48% and 88.63%) , and degraded the Aβ1-42 fibrils induced by itself and Cu2+ (80.16% and 89.30%) . H3R antagonist 4 chelate biometals such as Cu2+, Zn 2+, Al 3+, and Fe 2+. H3R antagonist 4 significantly reduced tau protein hyperphosphorylation induced by Aβ1-42 and inhibited RSL-3-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in PC12 cells. H3R antagonist 4 had the best blood-brain barrier permeability and intestinal absorption in hCMEC/D3 and hPepT1-MDCK cells.H3R antagonist 4 ameliorates learning and memory impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease induced by scopolamine (HY-N0296) .
CB2 PET Radioligand 1 (compound [18F]9) is a PET Radioligand targeting to hCB2 (Ki=7.7 nM). CB2 PET Radioligand 1 is prepared with Cu-mediated 18F-fluorination. CB2 PET Radioligand 1 shows high brain uptake in a murine model of neuroinflammation .
Ap44mSe is a selenosemicarbazone that effectively depletes cellular Fe, resulting in transferrin receptor-1 up-regulation, ferritin down-regulation, and increased expression of the potent metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene-1. Ap44mSe forms redox active Cu complexes that target the lysosome to induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization .
SOD1 (147-153) human is a peptide fragment of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) with a high propensity to form amyloid fibrils. SOD1 (147-153) human may trigger the aggregation of full-length SOD1 and is a common molecular determinant of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) .
BuChE-IN-2 is an excellent butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor (IC50s of 1.28 μM and 0.67 μM for BuChE and NO). BuChE-IN-2 can inhibit the aggregation of Aβ, ROS formation and chelate Cu2+, exhibiting proper blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. BuChE-IN-2 has potential to research Alzheimer’s disease .
Sodium diethylcarbamodithioate trihydrate, ACS, 99.0% (Ditiocarb sodium trihydrate, ACS, 99.0%) is a copper reagent. The reaction with Cu2+ solution resulted in the formation of a complex, which increased the copper displacement precipitation rate. Sodium diethylcarbamodithioate trihydrate, ACS, 99.0% can reduce HIV infection and can be used in adjuvant immune research of high-risk breast cancer .
4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (4-AA) is a derivative of antipyrine (HY-B0171). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine acts as a PGE2-dependent blocker and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) . 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can inhibit Cu/ZnSOD . 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can spontaneously bind with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and alter its conformation .
Neuroprotective Agent 6 (Compound Y12) is a neuroprotective agent with antioxidant activity. Neuroprotective Agent 6 demonstrates superior neuroprotective effects in both cellular models induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and animal models induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Additionally, Neuroprotective Agent 6 exhibits significant metal chelating activity towards Cu2+ .
Thiosemicarbazide is a vitamin B6 antagonist with anti-acne activity. Thiosemicarbazide is also a well-known source in the synthesis of heterocycles, and its derivatives have potential anticancer activity. Thiosemicarbazide (TSC: HL1) reacts with metal salts, urea (U), to prepare Co(II) and Cu(I) metal complexes. Thiosemicarbazide is also used in the fields of media communications and optical storage, and in the spectrophotometric detection of metals .
Disulfiram (Tetraethylthiuram disulfide) is a specific inhibitor of aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH1), used for the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol. Disulfiram inhibits gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation in liposomes and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion in human and mouse cells. Disulfiram, a copper ion carrier, with Cu2+ increases intracellular ROS levels and induces cuproptosis .
Tropolone is a seven-membered non-benzenoid aromatic compound, which is the precursor of many Azulene derivatives. Tropolone is a potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.4 μM. Its inhibitory effect can be achieved by dialysis or excess CU2+ Reversa. Tropolone exhibits broad anti-viral and anti-fungal activity and is synergistic upon co-treatment with nucleos(t)ide analog drugs. Tropolone is a promising candidate for research in osteosarcoma .
CalFluor 488 Azide is a water-soluble fluorogenic azide probe. CalFluor 488 Azide is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 488 Azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes . It contains an azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. It can also undergo ring strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Copper Fluor-4 (CF4) is a Cu+-specific fluorescent probe based on a rhodol dye scaffold. Copper Fluor-4 has high copper selectivity with a Kd value of 2.9×10 −13 M, particularly over zinc and iron, as well as abundant cellular alkali and alkaline earth metals. Copper Fluor-4 is stable in a physiologically relevant pH regime between 6 and 8 (wavelengths of 415 nm for excitation and 660 nm for emission) .
Cryptand 2.2.2 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cryptand 2.2.2. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cryptand 2.2.2 is a metal ion chelator that can be used as a reducing agent and stabilizer to prepare nanoparticles. At room temperature, Cryptand 2.2.2 can serve as a host molecule, using the chelation effect to selectively bind desired ions (such as Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+) .
Disulfiram (Standard) is the analytical standard of Disulfiram. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Disulfiram (Tetraethylthiuram disulfide) is a specific inhibitor of aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH1), used for the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to alcohol. Disulfiram inhibits gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation in liposomes and inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion in human and mouse cells. Disulfiram + Cu2+ increases intracellular ROS levels triggering apoptosis of ovarian cancer stem cells [1-6].
DL-alanine, an orally active amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver .
4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine (4-AA) is a derivative of antipyrine (HY-B0171). 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine acts as a PGE2-dependent blocker and inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) . 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can inhibit Cu/ZnSOD . 4-Acetylaminoantipyrine can spontaneously bind with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and alter its conformation .
BChE/HDAC6-IN-2 (compound 29a) is a dual inhibitor of BChE and HDAC6 with IC50s of 1.8 nM and 71.0 nM, respectively. BChE/HDAC6-IN-2 has prominently neuroprotective effects and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity. BChE/HDAC6-IN-2 is also an effective chelator of metal ion (Fe2+ and Cu2+). BChE/HDAC6-IN-2 inhibits phosphorylation of tau, and exhibits moderate immunomodulatory effect.
HDAC6-IN-37 (compound W5) is an inhibitor of HDAC6 and has neuroprotective effects. HDAC6-IN-37 can restore the morphology of hippocampal neurons, reduce the expression of Aβ, Tau, and p-Tau proteins in the hippocampus of AD rats, and inhibit the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Thus, HDAC6-IN-37 improves the Aβ/Cu2+-induced AD model in rats, regulates oxidative stress status, and balances neurotransmitter disorders in brain tissue .
DL-Alanine-d3 is the deuterium labeled DL-Alanine. DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[1][2][3][4][5][6].
Biotin-PEG-azide (MW 2000) is a biotin labeled PEG derivative. Biotin is an enzyme co-factor, can be used for labeling protein; PEG is a hydrophilic and water-soluble polymer with low toxicity; azide, is a moderately good leaving group, can react with alkyne by Cu-catalyzation, which improve the efficiency of biotin binding targets. It contains an azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. It can also undergo ring strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Biotin-PEG-azide (MW 3400) is a biotin labeled PEG derivative. Biotin is an enzyme co-factor, can be used for labeling protein; PEG is a hydrophilic and water-soluble polymer with low toxicity; azide, is a moderately good leaving group, can react with alkyne by Cu-catalyzation, which improve the efficiency of biotin binding targets. It contains an azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. It can also undergo ring strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
DL-Alanine- 13C-1 is the 13C-labeled DL-Alanine. DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[1][2][3][4][5][6].
DL-Alanine- 13C-3 is the 13C-labeled DL-Alanine. DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[1][2][3][4][5][6].
DL-Alanine- 15N is the 15N labeled DL-Alanine[1]. DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[2][3][4][5][6][7].
AChE-IN-12 is a potent and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50s of 0.41 μM and 1.88 μM for rat AChE and electric eel AChE. AChE-IN-12 is also a good antioxidant (ORAC = 3.3 eq), selective metal chelator and huMAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 8.8 µM). AChE-IN-12 has remarkable inhibition of self- and Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation, as well as exhibits a good neuroprotective effect. AChE-IN-12 can be used for researching Alzheimer’s disease .
Fmoc-L-Tyr(2-azidoethyl)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Fmoc-L-Tyr(2-azidoethyl)-OH is unnatural Fmoc-protected Tyrosine derivative bears an azidoethyl substitution as reactive handle e.g. for biorthogonal conjugations, via a Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar Click cycloaddition with alkynes. And azido-UAAs can be employed as IR reporters . It contains an azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. It can also undergo ring strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Elesclomol (STA-4783) is a potent copper ionophore and promotes copper-dependent cell death (cuproptosis). Elesclomol specifically binds ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) α2/α3 helices and β5 strand. Elesclomol inhibits FDX1-mediated Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. Elesclomol is an oxidative stress inducer that induces cancer cell apoptosis. Elesclomol is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer. Elesclomol can be used for Menkes and associated disorders of hereditary copper deficiency research .
Methyltetrazine-amido-N-bis(PEG4-acid) is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Methyltetrazine-amido-N-bis(PEG4-acid) is a PEG derivative that contains a methyltetrazine group and two acid groups. This reagent can react with TCO-containing compounds to form a stable covalent bond without the catalysis of Cu or elevated temperatures. The inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction of TCO with tetrazines is the fastest bioorthogonal reaction with exceptional selectivity. The terminal carboxylic acid can react with primary amine groups in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC, or HATU) to form a stable amide bond. PEG linker increases the water solubility of the compound. Reagent grade, for research use only . Methyltetrazine-amido-N-bis(PEG4-acid) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
N-Aminofluorescein is a fluorescein hydrazide with spiro form, a highly selective and sensitive fluorescence probe for Cu2+. N-Aminofluorescein has no selective fluorescence response to other common metal ions, can be used for direct detection of Cu2+ in biological systems with λex/em=495/516 nm .
Coppersensor-1 (CS1) is a membrane-permeable fluorescent dye. Coppersensor-1 has a picomolar affinity for Cu+ with high selectivity over competing cellular metalions. Coppersensor-1 as a probe, can selective and sensitive detection of copper(I) ions (Cu+) in biological samples, including live cells. Coppersensor-1 can be used for the research of imaging of severe diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders and neurogenerative diseases .
Pyranine (HPTS; Solvent Green 7) is a pH-sensitive fluorescent indicator. Pyranine acts as a class of fluorescent chemosensor for the Cu+ ion(λex=450 nm, λem=510 nm) .
Copper Fluor-4 (CF4) is a Cu+-specific fluorescent probe based on a rhodol dye scaffold. Copper Fluor-4 has high copper selectivity with a Kd value of 2.9×10 −13 M, particularly over zinc and iron, as well as abundant cellular alkali and alkaline earth metals. Copper Fluor-4 is stable in a physiologically relevant pH regime between 6 and 8 (wavelengths of 415 nm for excitation and 660 nm for emission) .
o-Pah is a BODIPY derivative with an -NH2 and -OH substituted meso-Ph group. o-Pah exhibits metal-induced J-aggregation in the presence of Cu2+ and a specific fluorescence enhancement for Hg 2+ (Ex/Em=483/(495-600) nM) .
CalFluor 580 azide is a fluorogenic azide probe that is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 580 azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes .
CalFluor 647 azide is a fluorogenic azide probe that is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 647 azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes .
CalFluor 488 Azide is a water-soluble fluorogenic azide probe. CalFluor 488 Azide is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 488 Azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes . It contains an azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. It can also undergo ring strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Anhydrous copper sulfate, 99% (Cupric sulfate anhydrous, 99%) is an orally administerable disinfectant. Anhydrous copper sulfate, 99% can be used as a biomaterial or organic compound related to life sciences research, and it can increase the Cu content in rat organs .
Catechol violet is an efficient and versatile ligand for Cu(I)-catalyzed C-S coupling reactions. Catechol violet is also a complexometric indicator dye .
Alkyne Cholesterol, a modified lipid, is a click chemistry reagent containing an alkyne group. The terminal alkyne group can be used in a highly specific linking reaction with azide-containing reagents in the presence of a copper (Cu)-containing catalyst. Alkyne Cholesterol can be used for tracking cellular cholesterol metabolism and localization .
Cryptand 2.2.2 is a metal ion chelator that can be used as a reducing agent and stabilizer to prepare nanoparticles. At room temperature, Cryptand 2.2.2 can serve as a host molecule, using the chelation effect to selectively bind desired ions (such as Zn 2+, Co 2+, Ni 2+, Cu2+) .
Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA disodium tetrahydrate, a typical contaminant in industrial wastewater, is an EDTA-complexed heavy metal. Cu(Ⅱ)-EDTA disodium tetrahydrate can be used in research on the recovery of heavy metal resources from mixed wastewater .
DOTA-ADIBO TFA is a DOTA-derived bifunctional chelator (BFC) that allows drug conjugation via an uncatalyzed, copper-free cycloaddition reaction. DOTA-ADIBO TFA enables the construction of fusion chelator systems that can be further used to synthesize radiotracers after Cu[64] modification. Positron emission tomography imaging of tumors expressing integrin αvβ6 .
Copper(II) perchlorate hexahydrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu(ClO4)2 (H2O) 6 and can be used as a catalyst in certain reaction .
Nitro-PAPS disodium dihydrate is a highly sensitive colometric reagent for Fe(II) detection with a maximal absorption wavelength of 592 nm. Nitro-PAPS disodium dihydrate is suitable for the determination of Fe(II) in serum and also be used to determine micro molar levels of Cu, Zn, Ni, Co and V .
Sodium diethylcarbamodithioate trihydrate, ACS, 99.0% (Ditiocarb sodium trihydrate, ACS, 99.0%) is a copper reagent. The reaction with Cu2+ solution resulted in the formation of a complex, which increased the copper displacement precipitation rate. Sodium diethylcarbamodithioate trihydrate, ACS, 99.0% can reduce HIV infection and can be used in adjuvant immune research of high-risk breast cancer .
Cryptand 2.2.2 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cryptand 2.2.2. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cryptand 2.2.2 is a metal ion chelator that can be used as a reducing agent and stabilizer to prepare nanoparticles. At room temperature, Cryptand 2.2.2 can serve as a host molecule, using the chelation effect to selectively bind desired ions (such as Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+) .
Copper tripeptide (GHK-Cu) is a tripeptide. During wound healing, copper tripeptide may be freed from existing extracellular proteins via proteolysis and serves as a chemoattractant for inflammatory and endothelial cells. Copper tripeptide has been shown to increase messenger RNA production for collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans in fibroblasts. Copper tripeptide is a natural modulator of multiple cllular pathways in skin regeneration .
NOTA-AE105 is an PET ligand of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), which can be radiolabeled by 64Cu and 68Ga. 68Ga-NOTA-AE105 and 64Cu-NOTA-AE105 shows high image contrast, resulting in clear tumor delineation .
LGLLLRHLRHHSNLLANI (B18) is an 18 amino acid peptide. LGLLLRHLRHHSNLLANI derives from the membrane-associated protein binding. LGLLLRHLRHHSNLLANI shows a high affinity for Cu(2+) ions .
Valylhistidine is a dipeptide consisting of valine and histidine (Val-His). Valylhistidine forms a dipeptide complex with Cu(II) that mimics superoxide dismutase, but lacks activity .
Glycylhistidylglycine is composed of two glycines and one histidine, which can detect and remove the concentration of Cu2+ ions in wastewater by forming a tripeptide complex with copper and nickel ions.
SOD1 (147-153) human is a peptide fragment of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) with a high propensity to form amyloid fibrils. SOD1 (147-153) human may trigger the aggregation of full-length SOD1 and is a common molecular determinant of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) .
Copper tripeptide (GHK-Cu) is a tripeptide. During wound healing, copper tripeptide may be freed from existing extracellular proteins via proteolysis and serves as a chemoattractant for inflammatory and endothelial cells. Copper tripeptide has been shown to increase messenger RNA production for collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans in fibroblasts. Copper tripeptide is a natural modulator of multiple cllular pathways in skin regeneration .
Tropolone is a seven-membered non-benzenoid aromatic compound, which is the precursor of many Azulene derivatives. Tropolone is a potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.4 μM. Its inhibitory effect can be achieved by dialysis or excess CU2+ Reversa. Tropolone exhibits broad anti-viral and anti-fungal activity and is synergistic upon co-treatment with nucleos(t)ide analog drugs. Tropolone is a promising candidate for research in osteosarcoma .
DL-alanine, an orally active amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver .
Chitotriose trihydrochloride is an orally active chitooligosaccharide with antioxidant activities. Chitotriose trihydrochloride inhibits hydroxylation of benzoate to salicylate by H2O2 in the presence of Cu2+ (IC50 value of 80 μM) .
SOD1 Protein, an enzyme crucial for cellular defense, operates as a superoxide dismutase, neutralizing radicals to safeguard cells from oxidative stress. Its enzymatic activity underscores the importance of SOD1 in maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting biological systems from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species accumulation. SOD1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived SOD1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of SOD1 Protein, Human (His) is 154 a.a., with molecular weight of ~20.0 kDa.
SOD1 Protein, an enzyme crucial for cellular defense, operates as a superoxide dismutase, neutralizing radicals to safeguard cells from oxidative stress.Its enzymatic activity underscores the importance of SOD1 in maintaining cellular homeostasis and protecting biological systems from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species accumulation.SOD1 Protein, Human (N-His) is the recombinant human-derived SOD1 protein, expressed by E.coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
The hemagglutinin (HA) protein attaches viral particles to host cells by binding to sialic acid-containing receptors and induces viral particle internalization through clathrin-dependent endocytosis.HA also promotes an alternative clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway for some virions.HA/Hemagglutinin Protein, H3N2 (AGG53108, HEK293, His) is the recombinant Virus-derived HA/Hemagglutinin protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-His labeled tag.
DL-Alanine-d3 is the deuterium labeled DL-Alanine. DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[1][2][3][4][5][6].
DL-Alanine- 13C-1 is the 13C-labeled DL-Alanine. DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[1][2][3][4][5][6].
DL-Alanine- 13C-3 is the 13C-labeled DL-Alanine. DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[1][2][3][4][5][6].
DL-Alanine- 15N is the 15N labeled DL-Alanine[1]. DL-alanine, an amino acid, is the racemic compound of L- and D-alanine. DL-alanine is employed both as a reducing and a capping agent, used with silver nitrate aqueous solutions for the production of nanoparticles. DL-alanine can be used for the research of transition metals chelation, such as Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(11). DL-alanine, a sweetener, is classed together with glycine, and sodium saccharin. DL-alanine plays a key role in the glucose-alanine cycle between tissues and liver[2][3][4][5][6][7].
SOD1 Antibody is an unconjugated, approximately 17 kDa, rabbit-derived, anti-SOD1 monoclonal antibody. SOD1 Antibody can be used for: WB, IF-Cell, IF-Tissue, IHC-P, FC expriments in human, mouse, rat background without labeling.
ox-LDL: LDL (Copper oxidized); Cu2SO4 oxidized low density lipoprotein; oxidized low density lipoprotein; Low density lipoprotein; MDA oxidized LDL; MDA oxidized low density lipoprotein. 氧化型低密度脂蛋白；
ELISA, IHC-P, IHC-F, FC, ICC/IF
Human
ox-LDL Antibody is an unconjugated, approximately 31 kDa, rabbit-derived, anti-ox-LDL polyclonal antibody. ox-LDL Antibody can be used for: ELISA, IHC-P, IHC-F, Flow-Cyt, IF expriments in human, background without labeling.
Superoxide Dismutase 3 Antibody (YA2420) is a rabbit-derived non-conjugated IgG antibody (Clone NO.: YA2420), targeting Superoxide Dismutase 3, with a predicted molecular weight of 26 kDa (observed band size: 26 kDa). Superoxide Dismutase 3 Antibody (YA2420) can be used for WB, IHC-P experiment in human background.
Bz-(Me)Tz-NHS is a click chemistry reagent containing an methyltetrazine group. Bz-(Me)Tz-NHS is 3rd generation Click-Linker for Cu-free click conjugation .
Alkyne Cholesterol, a modified lipid, is a click chemistry reagent containing an alkyne group. The terminal alkyne group can be used in a highly specific linking reaction with azide-containing reagents in the presence of a copper (Cu)-containing catalyst. Alkyne Cholesterol can be used for tracking cellular cholesterol metabolism and localization .
Biotin-PEG-azide (MW 2000) is a biotin labeled PEG derivative. Biotin is an enzyme co-factor, can be used for labeling protein; PEG is a hydrophilic and water-soluble polymer with low toxicity; azide, is a moderately good leaving group, can react with alkyne by Cu-catalyzation, which improve the efficiency of biotin binding targets. It contains an azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. It can also undergo ring strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
CalFluor 580 azide is a fluorogenic azide probe that is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 580 azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes .
CalFluor 647 azide is a fluorogenic azide probe that is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 647 azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes .
Trisulfo-Cy3 Methyltetrazine is a click chemistry reagent containing an methyltetrazine group. Methyltetrazine-activated Cy3 probe reacts with TCO-containing compounds via an Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder reaction to form a stable covalent bond and does not require Cu-catalyst or elevated temperatures .
CalFluor 488 Azide is a water-soluble fluorogenic azide probe. CalFluor 488 Azide is activated by Cu-catalyzed or metal-free click reaction. CalFluor 488 Azide is not fluorescent until it is reacted with alkynes . It contains an azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. It can also undergo ring strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Biotin-PEG-azide (MW 3400) is a biotin labeled PEG derivative. Biotin is an enzyme co-factor, can be used for labeling protein; PEG is a hydrophilic and water-soluble polymer with low toxicity; azide, is a moderately good leaving group, can react with alkyne by Cu-catalyzation, which improve the efficiency of biotin binding targets. It contains an azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. It can also undergo ring strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Fmoc-L-Tyr(2-azidoethyl)-OH is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Fmoc-L-Tyr(2-azidoethyl)-OH is unnatural Fmoc-protected Tyrosine derivative bears an azidoethyl substitution as reactive handle e.g. for biorthogonal conjugations, via a Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar Click cycloaddition with alkynes. And azido-UAAs can be employed as IR reporters . It contains an azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing alkyne groups. It can also undergo ring strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Methyltetrazine-amido-N-bis(PEG4-acid) is a click chemistry reagent containing an azide group. Methyltetrazine-amido-N-bis(PEG4-acid) is a PEG derivative that contains a methyltetrazine group and two acid groups. This reagent can react with TCO-containing compounds to form a stable covalent bond without the catalysis of Cu or elevated temperatures. The inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction of TCO with tetrazines is the fastest bioorthogonal reaction with exceptional selectivity. The terminal carboxylic acid can react with primary amine groups in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC, or HATU) to form a stable amide bond. PEG linker increases the water solubility of the compound. Reagent grade, for research use only . Methyltetrazine-amido-N-bis(PEG4-acid) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Alkyne Cholesterol, a modified lipid, is a click chemistry reagent containing an alkyne group. The terminal alkyne group can be used in a highly specific linking reaction with azide-containing reagents in the presence of a copper (Cu)-containing catalyst. Alkyne Cholesterol can be used for tracking cellular cholesterol metabolism and localization .
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