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Results for "

Endotoxin

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Antibiotic (5) Bacterial (7) Biochemical Assay Reagents (1) Bradykinin Receptor (1) CD28 (2) Fluorescent Dye (1) Interleukin Related (1) Kallikrein (1) NF-κB (1) NO Synthase (2) P2Y Receptor (1) Platelet-activating Factor Receptor (PAFR) (1) Prostaglandin Receptor (1) Proteasome (1) Pyroptosis (1) Tie (1) TNF Receptor (1) Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (18)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (2) Cardiovascular Disease (4) Endocrinology (1) Infection (11) Inflammation/Immunology (26) Metabolic Disease (2) Neurological Disease (1)

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Products

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-D0842A

*Bovine Serum Albumin (Cell culture, Endotoxin<0.01EU/mg)* Albumin bovine serum (Cell culture, Endotoxin<0.01EU/mg); BSA (Cell culture, Endotoxin<0.01EU/mg)	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Bovine Serum Albumin (Cell culture, Endotoxin<0.01EU/mg) (BSA) is a 583-residue protein consisting of three homologous all-α domains, organized in a heart-shaped structure. BSA is a globular protein that is used in numerous biochemical applications.

HY-135042

CAY10614 1 Publications Verification	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Neurological Disease
CAY10614 is a potent TLR4 antagonist. CAY10614 inhibits the lipid A-induced activation of TLR4, with an IC₅₀ of 1.675 μM. CAY10614 can improve survival of mice in lethal endotoxin shock model .

HY-110133

JTE-607 2 Publications Verification	Interleukin Related	Inflammation/Immunology
JTE-607, a highly selective inflammatory cytokine synthesis inhibitor, protects from endotoxin shock in mice. JTE-607 inhibits inflammatory cytokine production, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, from LPS-stimulated human PBMCs, with IC₅₀s of 11, 5.9, 8.8, 7.3 and 9.1 nM, respectively . Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor 3 (CPSF3) is the target of JTE-607 .

HY-D1056

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 Maximum Cited Publications 188 Publications Verification LPS	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 is an endotoxin extracted from E. coli O55:B5, consisting of an antigen-specific chain, A core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 activates TLR-4 of immune cells. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 can induce the change of body temperature in rats with dose and serotype specificity. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 caused a heterogeneous and dose-independent increase in body temperature in rats .

HY-P3936

Endotoxin Substrate	Fluorescent Dye	Others
Endotoxin Substrate (Boc-LGR-pNA) is a chromogenic substrate can be used in quantitative assays of endotoxin .

HY-P1956A

*Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg)* HSA (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg)	NF-κB NO Synthase	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma and is a major determinant of plasma oncotic pressure. Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) exhibits antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation activities as well as colloid osmotic action. Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) can block the inhibitory effect of GML on human T cells, providing protective function for T cells. Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) is also associated with cardiovascular diseases and can partially prevent the LPS (HY-D1056) induced oxidative stress, as well as the upregulation of NF-κB, iNOS, and peroxynitrite (ONOO ⁻) in the vascular wall, contributing to the reduction of blood pressure .

HY-141639

3-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid	Others	Inflammation/Immunology
3-Hydroxyheptadecanoic acid is a type of 3-hydroxy acid that can be used as a chemical marker for endotoxins .

HY-130581

Lipid X	Bacterial Antibiotic	Infection
Lipid X is a novel monosaccharide precursor of Lipid A (the active moiety of gram-negative endotoxin). Lipid X is protective against endotoxin administered to mice and sheep and against life-threatening gram-negative infections in mice .

HY-D1056C2

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype minnesota LPS, from Salmonella enterica (Serotype minnesota)	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are specific endotoxins and one of the major components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist of three parts: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharides are powerful immune stimulants that can activate the host immune system, particularly by binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the surface of immune cells, triggering an inflammatory response. The LPS of most Salmonella serotypes has a complex O-antigen (OAg) structure, with the number of OAg units in the core polysaccharide varying between 16 and over 100 repeats. Mutations in OAg-regulating factors that alter the OAg structure can change the interaction between Salmonella and epithelial cells. Strains with long OAg have increased SPI1-T3SS effector protein translocation and invasion. Strains completely lacking OAg exhibit increased invasiveness and higher adhesiveness. This product is derived from Salmonella enterica serotype Minnesota. Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype minnesota, can be used to study host immune system activation and its role in inflammation and immune regulation .

HY-137418

2-MeS-ATP 2-Methylthio-ATP	P2Y Receptor	Others Inflammation/Immunology
2-MeS-ATP (2-Methylthio-ATP) is an analog of adenosine nucleotides and acts as a P2Y purinergic receptor agonist specific for adenosine nucleotide activation. 2-MeS-ATP is also able to inhibit the release of toxic mediators from macrophages stimulated by endotoxin (LPS). 2-MeS-ATP can be used in the study of endotoxin shock and inflammatory diseases .

HY-D1056B4

Lipopolysaccharides, from Salmonella typhosa LPS, from bacterial (Salmonella typhosa)	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from Salmonella typhosa is a kind of endotoxins derived from Salmonella typhosa .

HY-D1056B1

Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus vulgaris LPS, from bacterial (Proteus vulgaris)	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus vulgaris is a kind of endotoxins derived from Proteus vulgaris .

HY-D1056B2

Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis LPS, from bacterial (Proteus mirabilis)	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis is a kind of endotoxins derived from Proteus mirabilis .

HY-D1056D

Lipopolysaccharides, from P. gingivalis LPS, from Porphyromonas gingivalis	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from P. gingivalis is a kind of endotoxins derived from P. gingivalis .

HY-D1056C4

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype abortus equi LPS, from Salmonella enterica (Serotype abortus equi)	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from S. enterica serotype abortus equi is a kind of endotoxins derived from S. enterica serotype abortus equi .

HY-D1056A5

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli K-235 LPS, from Escherichia coli (K-235)	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from E. coli K-235 is a kind of endotoxins derived from E. coli K-235 .

HY-D1056A1

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 LPS, from Escherichia coli (O111:B4)	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 is a kind of endotoxins derived from E. coli .

HY-N0223

Epibetulinic acid	NO Synthase Prostaglandin Receptor	Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
Epibetulinic acid exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin with IC₅₀s of 0.7 and 0.6 μM, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity .

HY-P1694

B4148	Bradykinin Receptor	Cardiovascular Disease
B4148 is a selective competitive bradykinin (BK) antagonist that significantly inhibits BK-induced hypotension in rats. In a rat model of endotoxin shock induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, B4148 significantly attenuated the decrease in mean arterial blood pressure compared with the control group .

HY-149179

Polymyxin B 5+ Cited Publications	Bacterial Antibiotic	Infection
Polymyxin B is an antibiotic. Polymyxin B inhibits Gram-negative infections by binding to the LPS of the bacterial wall with high affinity. Polymyxin B neutralizes the effect of endotoxin. Polymyxin B induces bacterial death by increasing its permeability. Polymyxin B is used in endotoxemia research .

HY-N8277

Kdo2-Lipid A ammonium	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) TNF Receptor	Cancer
Kdo2-Lipid A ammonium is a chemically defined lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with endotoxin activity equal to LPS. Kdo2-Lipid A ammonium is highly selective for TLR4. Kdo2-Lipid A ammonium stimulates the release of both TNF and PGE2 .

HY-P3496

Pep19-2.5	Pyroptosis	Inflammation/Immunology
Pep19-2.5 is an synthetic and antitoxin peptide, blocks the intracellular endotoxin signaling cascade. Pep19-2.5 inhibits signaling of lipopeptides (LP) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) mediated by transmembrane and cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The signaling cascades lead to inflammation and cell pyroptosis .

HY-P2170

XMP-629 XOMA-629	Antibiotic Bacterial	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
XMP-629 (XOMA-629), a cationic α-helical peptide, is a potent *endotoxin* inhibitor. XMP-629 exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity via an immunomodulatory mechanism. XOMA 629 has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenesand .

HY-A0248

Polymyxin B Sulfate 5+ Cited Publications	Bacterial Antibiotic	Infection
Polymyxin B Sulfate is a potent antibacterial agent and a relatively toxic antibiotic. Polymyxin B Sulfate also is a antiendotoxin agent. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows endotoxin-neutralizing properties can be used as adjunctive research in gram-negative sepsis. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo .

HY-19101

ONO-3307	Kallikrein	Cardiovascular Disease
ONO-3307 is a protease inhibitor that competitively inhibits a variety of proteases including trypsin, thrombin, plasma kallikrein, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, and chymotrypsin. ONO-3307 alleviates endotoxin-induced experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in rats. ONO-3307 can be used in the study of thrombosis and protease-mediated diseases .

HY-19126

CL-184005	Platelet-activating Factor Receptor (PAFR)	Infection
CL-184005 is an antagonist for platelet-activating factor (PAF), that inhibits the PAF-induced platelet aggregation with IC₅₀ of 600 nM and 510 nM, in human and rabbit platelet-rich plasma. CL-184005 protects the rats from endotoxin-induced gastrointestinal damage and hypotension. CL-184005 exhibits potential attenuating Gram-negative bacterial sepsis .

HY-A0248R

Polymyxin B Sulfate (Standard)	Bacterial Antibiotic	Infection
Polymyxin B (Sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Polymyxin B (Sulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Polymyxin B Sulfate is a potent antibacterial agent and a relatively toxic antibiotic. Polymyxin B Sulfate also is a antiendotoxin agent. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows endotoxin-neutralizing properties can be used as adjunctive research in gram-negative sepsis. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo .

HY-131626

1a,1b-Dihomo prostaglandin E2 1a,1b-Dihomo PGE2	Others	Metabolic Disease
1a,1b-Dihomo Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a rare polyunsaturated fatty acid first identified in extracts of sheep vesicular gland microsomes, known to contain COX, incubated with adrenic acid. 1a,1b-Dihomo PGE2 has also been identified in conditioned media of RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with endotoxin and arachidonic acid. This product is thought to be produced by elongation of AA to adrenic acid, which is then metabolized sequentially by COX and PGE synthase.

HY-P1698

Reltecimod AB-103	Bacterial CD28	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Reltecimod (AB-103) is a T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 (TP44) antagonist. Reltecimod has beneficial effects against different bacterial infections, their exotoxins and endotoxins, and ionizing radiation. Reltecimod modulates the inflammatory response by targeting and attenuating the critical CD28/B7-2 co-stimulatory pathway, without inhibiting it. Reltecimod can be used to research necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTIs) .

HY-P1698B

Reltecimod TFA AB-103 TFA	Bacterial CD28	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Reltecimod (AB-103) TFA is a T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 (TP44) antagonist. Reltecimod TFA has beneficial effects against different bacterial infections, their exotoxins and endotoxins, and ionizing radiation. Reltecimod TFA modulates the inflammatory response by targeting and attenuating the critical CD28/B7-2 co-stimulatory pathway, without inhibiting it. Reltecimod TFA can be used to research necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTIs) .

HY-E70005H

Collagenase, Type VIII	Proteasome	Cardiovascular Disease
Collagenase, Type VIII is a mixed enzyme derived from Clostridium histolyticum that contains collagenase, a nonspecific protease, and a clostripain. Collagenase, Type VIII can hydrolyze Type VIII collagen and may be used to study the formation of atherosclerosis. Type VIII collagen is a regulator of endothelial cell differentiation and angiogenesis, a substrate for cell adhesion and migration such as smooth muscle cells, and may accumulate in atherosclerosis. After endotoxin activates the expression of Collagenase, Type VIII, it can reduce the production of Type VIII collagen and has the potential to inhibit atherosclerosis .

HY-P10580

Vasculotide	Tie	Infection Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Vasculotide, an angiopoietin-1 mimetic, is a Tie-2 activator and induces Tie-2 phosphorylation. Vasculotide has anti-inflammatiory effect and anti-permeability. Vasculotide ameliorates endotoxin-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Vasculotide promotes angiogenesis in a mouse model of diabetic ulcer. Vasculotide protects mice from vascular leakage and reduces mortality in murine abdominal sepsis. Vasculotide decreases microvascular leakage and improves microcirculatory perfusion in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock .

HY-D1056A3

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O26:B6 LPS, from Escherichia coli (O26:B6)	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O26:B6 is a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin and TLR-4 activator that activates the disease-related molecular pattern (PAMP) of the immune system and induces cell secretion of migratory bodies. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O26:B6 consists of an antigen-specific O-chain, some cells lack an O-antigen-side chain, and is recognized by the core-specific monoclonal antibody MAb J8-4C10 .

HY-D1056E

Lipopolysaccharides, from P. aeruginosa 10 LPS, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10)	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins composed of an O-specific antigen chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. The lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 have a fatty acid composition that differs from that of typical Enterobacteriaceae, with unusually high levels of phosphorylation (with detected triphosphate residues) and a unique external region of the core oligosaccharide, while the O-specific side chains are often rich in novel amino sugars. The susceptibility of Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 to viruses is related to the high molecular weight polysaccharide content in its components. The absence of high molecular weight polysaccharides increases its sensitivity to bacteriophages .

HY-D1056H

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. marcescens LPS, from Serratia marcescens	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides, from S. marcescens, are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins that can activate pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) in the immune system and induce the secretion of exosomes by cells. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and consist of an O-specific antigen chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from S. marcescens, induce the activation of NF-κB in mouse cells through Toll-like receptor (TLR4)/MD-2. Lipopolysaccharides from S. marcescens can also induce apoptosis in host immune cellsS. marcescens .

HY-D1056C1

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype enteritidis LPS, from Salmonella enterica (Serotype enteritidis)	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype enteritidis is a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin that causes gastrointestinal disease in humans and can be transmitted through contaminated eggs or foods based on eggs and poultry meat products. S. enterica serotype enteritidis is capable of producing high molecular weight LPS-O antigen chains, Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype typhimurium (HY-D1056C3) did not. S. enterica serotype enteritidis is similar to other pathogenic Salmonella. Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype enteritidis' O antigen is associated with phage attachment in the early stages of phage infection S. Enteritidis .

HY-D1056B3

Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae LPS, from bacterial (Klebsiella pneumoniae)	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella, are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae, consist of three parts: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific antigen or O-side chain. In smooth LPS, the core region is divided into two areas: the inner core near the lipid A and the outer core that provides attachment sites for the O-antigen. In the lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae, the l,d-HeppII at the O-3 position can be replaced by an α-d-galacturonic acid residue (α-d-GalpA). In most studied Enterobacteriaceae, the core LPS contains inner core phosphorylation modifications, but the core LPS of Klebsiella pneumoniae lacks this modification. The unique core structure plays an important role in the outer membrane permeability and pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae .

HY-D1056C3

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype typhimurium LPS, from Salmonella enterica (Serotype typhimurium)	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype typhimurium, are a kind of lipid-polysaccharide endotoxin. Smooth Gram-negative bacteria's lipopolysaccharides are made up of three components: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O antigen (OAg). The O antigen is a polymer of sugar repeat units (RUs); the Wzz protein regulates the length of the O antigen in lipopolysaccharides, and the number of RUs attached to lipid A is determined by the modal value set by the Wzz protein. S. enterica typhimurium has two Wzz proteins: Wzz_ST (which makes the modal range of the O antigen between 16 and 35 RUs) and Wzz_fepE (which makes the modal value over 100 RUs). Mutating the genes corresponding to these two proteins causes the formation of short-chain O antigen chains and significantly reduces bacterial pathogenicity .

HY-D1056A2

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 LPS, from Escherichia coli (O127:B8)	Toll-like Receptor (TLR)	Inflammation/Immunology
Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 is a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin from E. coli O127:B8 and TLR-4 activator, Activates disease-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induces cell secretion of migratory bodies. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 consists of an antigen-specific O-chain, A core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 can induce changes in body temperature in rats and is dose and serotype specific. High dose of Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 can cause a double change of body temperature in rats, that is, hypothermia followed by fever. In addition, Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 can induce inflammation and inhibit reproduction, and can significantly increase the mitotic activity of mollusks .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L194

Heat-Clearing and Detoxification Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Library	1,339 compounds
Heat-clearing and detoxification is a specific treatment method in the research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is clinically used to treat infectious diseases with remarkable effect. Over the past decades, the research of heat-clearing and detoxification treatment has been one of the most active fields of combining traditional Chinese and western medicines, and has made remarkable achievements. Nowadays, the application field of heat-clearing and detoxification traditional Chinese medicine is not only limited to antibacterial and antiviral, but also has made progress in the research fields of anti-inflammatory reaction, anti-endotoxin, anti-peroxidative damage, anti-inflammatory cytokines, enhancement of immune function, protection of cellular organelles, and maintenance of calcium homeostasis. In addition to this, clearing heat and removing toxins has also made significant research progress in non-infectious diseases, for example, in tumors, cardiovascular diseases, renal diseases, blood diseases, geriatrics, and diabetes, all of which have shown good curative effect. MCE can supply 1,339 monomer component from more than a hundred sources of heat-clearing and detoxification TCM, which can be used in TCM studies, drug development and mechanism-based studies.

Heat-Clearing and Detoxification Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Library

1,339 compounds

Heat-clearing and detoxification is a specific treatment method in the research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is clinically used to treat infectious diseases with remarkable effect. Over the past decades, the research of heat-clearing and detoxification treatment has been one of the most active fields of combining traditional Chinese and western medicines, and has made remarkable achievements. Nowadays, the application field of heat-clearing and detoxification traditional Chinese medicine is not only limited to antibacterial and antiviral, but also has made progress in the research fields of anti-inflammatory reaction, anti-endotoxin, anti-peroxidative damage, anti-inflammatory cytokines, enhancement of immune function, protection of cellular organelles, and maintenance of calcium homeostasis. In addition to this, clearing heat and removing toxins has also made significant research progress in non-infectious diseases, for example, in tumors, cardiovascular diseases, renal diseases, blood diseases, geriatrics, and diabetes, all of which have shown good curative effect.

MCE can supply 1,339 monomer component from more than a hundred sources of heat-clearing and detoxification TCM, which can be used in TCM studies, drug development and mechanism-based studies.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-D0842A

*Bovine Serum Albumin (Cell culture, Endotoxin<0.01EU/mg)* Albumin bovine serum (Cell culture, Endotoxin<0.01EU/mg); BSA (Cell culture, Endotoxin<0.01EU/mg)	Native Proteins
Bovine Serum Albumin (Cell culture, Endotoxin<0.01EU/mg) (BSA) is a 583-residue protein consisting of three homologous all-α domains, organized in a heart-shaped structure. BSA is a globular protein that is used in numerous biochemical applications.

HY-D1056

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 185+ Cited Publications LPS	Carbohydrates
Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 is an endotoxin extracted from E. coli O55:B5, consisting of an antigen-specific chain, A core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 activates TLR-4 of immune cells. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 can induce the change of body temperature in rats with dose and serotype specificity. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 caused a heterogeneous and dose-independent increase in body temperature in rats .

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5

185+ Cited Publications

LPS

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 is an endotoxin extracted from E. coli O55:B5, consisting of an antigen-specific chain, A core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 activates TLR-4 of immune cells. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 can induce the change of body temperature in rats with dose and serotype specificity. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 caused a heterogeneous and dose-independent increase in body temperature in rats .

HY-P1956A

*Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg)* HSA (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg)	Native Proteins
Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma and is a major determinant of plasma oncotic pressure. Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) exhibits antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation activities as well as colloid osmotic action. Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) can block the inhibitory effect of GML on human T cells, providing protective function for T cells. Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) is also associated with cardiovascular diseases and can partially prevent the LPS (HY-D1056) induced oxidative stress, as well as the upregulation of NF-κB, iNOS, and peroxynitrite (ONOO ⁻) in the vascular wall, contributing to the reduction of blood pressure .

Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg)

HSA (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg)

Native Proteins

Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma and is a major determinant of plasma oncotic pressure. Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) exhibits antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation activities as well as colloid osmotic action. Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) can block the inhibitory effect of GML on human T cells, providing protective function for T cells. Human serum albumin (Cell culture grade, Endotoxin<0.125 EU/mg) is also associated with cardiovascular diseases and can partially prevent the LPS (HY-D1056) induced oxidative stress, as well as the upregulation of NF-κB, iNOS, and peroxynitrite (ONOO ⁻) in the vascular wall, contributing to the reduction of blood pressure .

HY-D1056C2

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype minnesota LPS, from Salmonella enterica (Serotype minnesota)	Carbohydrates
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are specific endotoxins and one of the major components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist of three parts: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharides are powerful immune stimulants that can activate the host immune system, particularly by binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the surface of immune cells, triggering an inflammatory response. The LPS of most Salmonella serotypes has a complex O-antigen (OAg) structure, with the number of OAg units in the core polysaccharide varying between 16 and over 100 repeats. Mutations in OAg-regulating factors that alter the OAg structure can change the interaction between Salmonella and epithelial cells. Strains with long OAg have increased SPI1-T3SS effector protein translocation and invasion. Strains completely lacking OAg exhibit increased invasiveness and higher adhesiveness. This product is derived from Salmonella enterica serotype Minnesota. Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype minnesota, can be used to study host immune system activation and its role in inflammation and immune regulation .

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype minnesota

LPS, from Salmonella enterica (Serotype minnesota)

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are specific endotoxins and one of the major components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist of three parts: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharides are powerful immune stimulants that can activate the host immune system, particularly by binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on the surface of immune cells, triggering an inflammatory response. The LPS of most Salmonella serotypes has a complex O-antigen (OAg) structure, with the number of OAg units in the core polysaccharide varying between 16 and over 100 repeats. Mutations in OAg-regulating factors that alter the OAg structure can change the interaction between Salmonella and epithelial cells. Strains with long OAg have increased SPI1-T3SS effector protein translocation and invasion. Strains completely lacking OAg exhibit increased invasiveness and higher adhesiveness. This product is derived from Salmonella enterica serotype Minnesota. Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype minnesota, can be used to study host immune system activation and its role in inflammation and immune regulation .

HY-D1056B4

Lipopolysaccharides, from Salmonella typhosa

LPS, from bacterial (Salmonella typhosa)

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from Salmonella typhosa is a kind of endotoxins derived from Salmonella typhosa .

HY-D1056B1

Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus vulgaris

LPS, from bacterial (Proteus vulgaris)

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus vulgaris is a kind of endotoxins derived from Proteus vulgaris .

HY-D1056B2

Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis

LPS, from bacterial (Proteus mirabilis)

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from Proteus mirabilis is a kind of endotoxins derived from Proteus mirabilis .

HY-D1056D

Lipopolysaccharides, from P. gingivalis

LPS, from Porphyromonas gingivalis

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from P. gingivalis is a kind of endotoxins derived from P. gingivalis .

HY-D1056C4

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype abortus equi

LPS, from Salmonella enterica (Serotype abortus equi)

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from S. enterica serotype abortus equi is a kind of endotoxins derived from S. enterica serotype abortus equi .

HY-D1056A5

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli K-235

LPS, from Escherichia coli (K-235)

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from E. coli K-235 is a kind of endotoxins derived from E. coli K-235 .

HY-D1056A1

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4

LPS, from Escherichia coli (O111:B4)

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 is a kind of endotoxins derived from E. coli .

HY-D1056A3

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O26:B6

LPS, from Escherichia coli (O26:B6)

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O26:B6 is a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin and TLR-4 activator that activates the disease-related molecular pattern (PAMP) of the immune system and induces cell secretion of migratory bodies. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O26:B6 consists of an antigen-specific O-chain, some cells lack an O-antigen-side chain, and is recognized by the core-specific monoclonal antibody MAb J8-4C10 .

HY-D1056E

Lipopolysaccharides, from P. aeruginosa 10

LPS, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10)

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins composed of an O-specific antigen chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. The lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 have a fatty acid composition that differs from that of typical Enterobacteriaceae, with unusually high levels of phosphorylation (with detected triphosphate residues) and a unique external region of the core oligosaccharide, while the O-specific side chains are often rich in novel amino sugars. The susceptibility of Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 to viruses is related to the high molecular weight polysaccharide content in its components. The absence of high molecular weight polysaccharides increases its sensitivity to bacteriophages .

HY-D1056H

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. marcescens

LPS, from Serratia marcescens

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. marcescens, are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins that can activate pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) in the immune system and induce the secretion of exosomes by cells. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and consist of an O-specific antigen chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from S. marcescens, induce the activation of NF-κB in mouse cells through Toll-like receptor (TLR4)/MD-2. Lipopolysaccharides from S. marcescens can also induce apoptosis in host immune cellsS. marcescens .

HY-D1056C1

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype enteritidis

LPS, from Salmonella enterica (Serotype enteritidis)

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype enteritidis is a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin that causes gastrointestinal disease in humans and can be transmitted through contaminated eggs or foods based on eggs and poultry meat products. S. enterica serotype enteritidis is capable of producing high molecular weight LPS-O antigen chains, Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype typhimurium (HY-D1056C3) did not. S. enterica serotype enteritidis is similar to other pathogenic Salmonella. Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype enteritidis' O antigen is associated with phage attachment in the early stages of phage infection S. Enteritidis .

HY-D1056B3

Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae

LPS, from bacterial (Klebsiella pneumoniae)

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella, are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. Lipopolysaccharides, from Klebsiella pneumoniae, consist of three parts: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific antigen or O-side chain. In smooth LPS, the core region is divided into two areas: the inner core near the lipid A and the outer core that provides attachment sites for the O-antigen. In the lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae, the l,d-HeppII at the O-3 position can be replaced by an α-d-galacturonic acid residue (α-d-GalpA). In most studied Enterobacteriaceae, the core LPS contains inner core phosphorylation modifications, but the core LPS of Klebsiella pneumoniae lacks this modification. The unique core structure plays an important role in the outer membrane permeability and pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae .

HY-D1056C3

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype typhimurium

LPS, from Salmonella enterica (Serotype typhimurium)

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides, from S. enterica serotype typhimurium, are a kind of lipid-polysaccharide endotoxin. Smooth Gram-negative bacteria's lipopolysaccharides are made up of three components: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O antigen (OAg). The O antigen is a polymer of sugar repeat units (RUs); the Wzz protein regulates the length of the O antigen in lipopolysaccharides, and the number of RUs attached to lipid A is determined by the modal value set by the Wzz protein. S. enterica typhimurium has two Wzz proteins: Wzz_ST (which makes the modal range of the O antigen between 16 and 35 RUs) and Wzz_fepE (which makes the modal value over 100 RUs). Mutating the genes corresponding to these two proteins causes the formation of short-chain O antigen chains and significantly reduces bacterial pathogenicity .

HY-D1056A2

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8

LPS, from Escherichia coli (O127:B8)

Carbohydrates

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 is a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin from E. coli O127:B8 and TLR-4 activator, Activates disease-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induces cell secretion of migratory bodies. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 consists of an antigen-specific O-chain, A core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 can induce changes in body temperature in rats and is dose and serotype specific. High dose of Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 can cause a double change of body temperature in rats, that is, hypothermia followed by fever. In addition, Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O127:B8 can induce inflammation and inhibit reproduction, and can significantly increase the mitotic activity of mollusks .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P3912A

Endotoxin inhibitor TFA	Peptides	Infection
Endotoxin inhibitor TFA is a synthetic peptide that binds lipid A with high affinity, thereby detoxifying LPS (HY-D1056) and preventing LPS-induced cytokine release in vivo. Endotoxin inhibitor TFA inhibits the febrile response to LPS with very low toxicity and lethality .

HY-P3496

Pep19-2.5	Pyroptosis	Inflammation/Immunology
Pep19-2.5 is an synthetic and antitoxin peptide, blocks the intracellular endotoxin signaling cascade. Pep19-2.5 inhibits signaling of lipopeptides (LP) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) mediated by transmembrane and cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The signaling cascades lead to inflammation and cell pyroptosis .

HY-A0248

Polymyxin B Sulfate 5+ Cited Publications	Bacterial Antibiotic	Infection
Polymyxin B Sulfate is a potent antibacterial agent and a relatively toxic antibiotic. Polymyxin B Sulfate also is a antiendotoxin agent. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows endotoxin-neutralizing properties can be used as adjunctive research in gram-negative sepsis. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo .

HY-P1698

Reltecimod AB-103	Bacterial CD28	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Reltecimod (AB-103) is a T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 (TP44) antagonist. Reltecimod has beneficial effects against different bacterial infections, their exotoxins and endotoxins, and ionizing radiation. Reltecimod modulates the inflammatory response by targeting and attenuating the critical CD28/B7-2 co-stimulatory pathway, without inhibiting it. Reltecimod can be used to research necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTIs) .

HY-P1698B

Reltecimod TFA AB-103 TFA	Bacterial CD28	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Reltecimod (AB-103) TFA is a T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 (TP44) antagonist. Reltecimod TFA has beneficial effects against different bacterial infections, their exotoxins and endotoxins, and ionizing radiation. Reltecimod TFA modulates the inflammatory response by targeting and attenuating the critical CD28/B7-2 co-stimulatory pathway, without inhibiting it. Reltecimod TFA can be used to research necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTIs) .

HY-P3936

Endotoxin Substrate	Fluorescent Dye	Others
Endotoxin Substrate (Boc-LGR-pNA) is a chromogenic substrate can be used in quantitative assays of endotoxin .

HY-P3912

Endotoxin inhibitor	Peptides	Infection
Endotoxin inhibitor a synthetic peptide that binds lipid A with high affinity, thereby detoxifying LPS (HY-D1056) and preventing LPS-induced cytokine release in vivo. Endotoxin inhibitor inhibits the febrile response to LPS with very low toxicity and lethality .

HY-P1694

B4148	Bradykinin Receptor	Cardiovascular Disease
B4148 is a selective competitive bradykinin (BK) antagonist that significantly inhibits BK-induced hypotension in rats. In a rat model of endotoxin shock induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, B4148 significantly attenuated the decrease in mean arterial blood pressure compared with the control group .

HY-P2170

XMP-629 XOMA-629	Antibiotic Bacterial	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
XMP-629 (XOMA-629), a cationic α-helical peptide, is a potent *endotoxin* inhibitor. XMP-629 exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity via an immunomodulatory mechanism. XOMA 629 has antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenesand .

HY-A0248R

Polymyxin B Sulfate (Standard)	Bacterial Antibiotic	Infection
Polymyxin B (Sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Polymyxin B (Sulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Polymyxin B Sulfate is a potent antibacterial agent and a relatively toxic antibiotic. Polymyxin B Sulfate also is a antiendotoxin agent. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows endotoxin-neutralizing properties can be used as adjunctive research in gram-negative sepsis. Polymyxin B Sulfate shows antibacterial activities in vitro and in vivo .

HY-P10580

Vasculotide	Tie	Infection Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Vasculotide, an angiopoietin-1 mimetic, is a Tie-2 activator and induces Tie-2 phosphorylation. Vasculotide has anti-inflammatiory effect and anti-permeability. Vasculotide ameliorates endotoxin-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Vasculotide promotes angiogenesis in a mouse model of diabetic ulcer. Vasculotide protects mice from vascular leakage and reduces mortality in murine abdominal sepsis. Vasculotide decreases microvascular leakage and improves microcirculatory perfusion in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock .

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