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  5. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5  (Synonyms: LPS)

Cat. No.: HY-D1056
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Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 (LPS, from Escherichia coli (O55:B5)) are endotoxins and TLR4 activators extracted from Escherichia coli (E. coli O55:B5) and are classified as S (smooth) type LPS. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 possess the typical three-part structure: O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 activate TLR-4 in immune cells, exhibit high pyrogenicity, and demonstrate dose and serotype specificity. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 can be used to induce cellular inflammation and establish animal models related to inflammation.

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Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 Chemical Structure

Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 Chemical Structure

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Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

265 Publications Citing Use of MCE Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5

WB
IF
Proliferation Assay
RT-PCR

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 May 23;e2105650.  [Abstract]

    Western blot analysis of the phenotypic markers in LPS (1 µg/mL; 24 h)-stimulated macrophages.

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 May 23;e2105650.  [Abstract]

    In LPS (1 µg/mL; 24 h)-stimulated macrophages, Representative fluorescence images of macrophage phenotypes after incubation with different pretreated neutrophils; iNOS (red), CD206 (green), and nuclei (blue).

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomater Res. 2022 Apr 25;26(1):15.  [Abstract]

    HUVECs ae induced with LPS 100 ng/mL for 24 h, then treated with PLCL-N, MPSS-loaded with 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.6 mg, 0.8 mg and 1 mg for another 24 h.

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2022 Jan 21;13(1):73.  [Abstract]

    Effect of NKAP on the U87MG cell sensitivity to Erastin (10 μM), iFSP1 (100 μM), SAS (500 μM), Rotenone (2.5 μM), 17-DMAG (300 nM), Staurosporine (1.5 μM), TMZ (200 μM), β-lapachone (2 μM), H2O2 (1‰), LPS (200 μg/mL), and Rapamycin (300 nM). All drug treatments are for 24 h.

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sens Actuators B Chem. 15 December 2022, 132707.

    LPS is used as an external stimulus to induce •OH generation in the A549 and HeLa cell lines. Co-localization fluorescence imaging in A549 and HeLa cells using MTG and PY. Cells were incubated with LPS (10.0 μg/mL) for 24 h and then stained with MTG (500 nM) and PY (5.0 μM) for 30 min.

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Elife. 2022 May 4;11:e76707.  [Abstract]

    qPCR analysis for the expression of indicated genes in D40 fVBOrs treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (500 ng/mL; for 72 hr) without or with PLX5622 2 μM using DMSO as vehicle control.

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Front Immunol. 2022 Jun 10;13:859806.  [Abstract]

    BMDMs are planted on XF24-well seahorse plates at the density of 5 × 104 cells per well and stimulated with 100 ng/mL LPS and 20 ng/mL hIFN-γ for 48 hours.

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Funct Mater. 10 March 2022.

    The effect of CaNP on BMDM recruitment of T cells. Left panel: BMDM-M2 treated with CaNP (35 µg/mL) and LPS (50 ng/mL)/IFN-γ (20 ng/mL) for 48 h are in the lower compartment. CD8+ T cells are in the upper compartment. Right panel: representative images of BMDM recruitment of T cells. CD8+ T cells were labeled with FITC.

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Med Virol. 2020 Aug 10.  [Abstract]

    The results show Apigenin significantly decreased 3pRNA‐ but not poly I:C‐ and LPS (0.5 μg/mL)‐induced A549 cell death.

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Control Release. 2020 Jan 28;320:304-313.  [Abstract]

    Cells were differentiated to macrophages with PMA and then treated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 3 h.

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    Description

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 (LPS, from Escherichia coli (O55:B5)) are endotoxins and TLR4 activators extracted from Escherichia coli (E. coli O55:B5) and are classified as S (smooth) type LPS. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 possess the typical three-part structure: O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 activate TLR-4 in immune cells, exhibit high pyrogenicity, and demonstrate dose and serotype specificity. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 can be used to induce cellular inflammation and establish animal models related to inflammation[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].

    IC50 & Target

    TLR4

     

    In Vitro

    Note:
    To maintain the integrity of LPS, it is recommended to store LPS solution in silanized containers. This is because LPS can adhere to plastics and certain types of glass, particularly at concentrations below 0.1 mg/mL. If the LPS concentration exceeds 1 mg/mL, this adsorption effect is relatively minimal. If using glass containers, ensure that the solution is thoroughly mixed for at least 30 minutes before use to redissolve any LPS that may have adsorbed to the tube walls.

    LPS is the major toxic component of Gram-negative bacteria, capable of activating pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of the immune system and inducing cellular secretion of migrasomes. LPS can be recognized by TLR4, activating the innate immune system, followed by the promotion of NF-κB activation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is commonly used in experiments involving the stimulation, activation, and differentiation of immune cells.
    Different bacterial species express LPS with varying structures and biological activities. LPS generally exists in two configurations: R (rough) type and S (smooth) type. S-type LPS contains a typical three-part structure: O-antigen (O-antigen) (serum-specific polysaccharides composed of repeating oligosaccharide units), core oligosaccharide (core) (non-repeating C9-type oligosaccharides), and lipid A (Lipid A) (the toxic component of LPS). The R type lacks the O-antigen and expresses rough-type LPS. The absence of O-antigen can affect the process of immune cell recognition of LPS.
    The LPS expressed by the E. coli 055:B5 strain serves as a prototype endotoxin frequently used as an endotoxin standard in LAL assays. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 exhibit high pyrogenicity and are commonly used for in vitro cell activation. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 induce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse macrophages[1].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 can be used to induce cell and animal models related to inflammation. Among them, the animal models include sepsis (shock) model, cardiac dysfunction/myocarditis model, acute lung injury model, acute liver injury model, encephalitis model, depression model, etc. The following are examples of several models:

    1. Induction of cellular inflammation model[4][5]
    Background
    LPS binds to the TLR4-MD-2 complex on the cell surface, activates both MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent signaling pathways, promotes the translocation of transcription factors such as NF-κB into the nucleus, triggers the expression of inflammation-related genes, and leads to the occurrence of an inflammatory response in cells.
    Specific Modeling Methods
    Cell: Macrophages, tumor cells, glial cells and so on.
    Administration: 0.1-10 μg/mL • 1-24 h
    Note
    (1) Before the formal experiment, relevant references should be consulted according to the cell line and the source of LPS, etc., and concentration and time gradients should be screened to determine the optimal experimental protocol.
    (2) Stimulating cells with LPS does not necessarily lead to cell death. Therefore, it is not appropriate to determine the concentration and time of LPS for establishing the model merely by detecting cell viability. It is recommended to detect the expression and secretion of multiple inflammatory factors.
    (3) During the process of stimulating cells with LPS, the morphological changes of cells should be observed regularly. An excessively high concentration may cause cytotoxicity, while an excessively low concentration may fail to effectively damage the cells.
    (4) A certain concentration of DMSO can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response induced by LPS. It is recommended to dissolve LPS in PBS or ddH2O.
    (5) In the research on the construction of in vitro inflammatory models, Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 (HY-D1056) and Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 (HY-D1056A1) are the most widely used LPS, and they are highly recommended!
    Modeling Indicators
    The secretion/expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the supernatant or cells increases.
    The release of NO increases.
    The expression of inflammatory genes such as iNOS, NF-κB and NLRP3 increases.
    Correlated Product(s) Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 (HY-D1056A1)
    Opposite Product(s): /
    2. Induction of acute liver failure model[6]
    Background
    LPS binds to the receptors on the cell surface, activates inflammatory cells to release a large amount of inflammatory mediators, and triggers an inflammatory response. The excessive activation of inflammation leads to lung tissue damage, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary dysfunction, thus establishing an acute lung injury model.
    Specific Modeling Methods
    C57/BALB/c mice: 0.2-15 mg/kg • Intratracheal administration
    Note
    (1) Before inducing an animal model with LPS, relevant references should be consulted based on the experimental purpose, animal type, etc., and preliminary experiments should be conducted to determine the optimal experimental protocol.
    (2) After LPS administration, the time points at which the peak levels of different inflammatory factors appear may vary. It is recommended to determine the experimental protocol according to references, and multiple time points should be selected for detection during preliminary experiments.
    (3) LPS should be stored away from light and avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
    Modeling Indicators
    The secretion/expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, etc. in the BALF or lung tissue decreases.
    HE staining of lung tissue: Leukocyte infiltration in the alveoli, thickening of the alveolar wall, patchy hemorrhage, interstitial edema, etc.
    The dry/wet ratio (D/W ratio) of the lung decreases.
    Correlated Product(s): Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 (HY-D1056A1)
    Correlated Product(s): /
    3. Induction of cardiac dysfunction/myocarditis model[7]
    Background
    Cardiac dysfunction (myocarditis) is a common complication of sepsis induced by LPS. LPS can activate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, causing damage and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes as well as cardiac fibrosis, which in turn leads to cardiac dysfunction.
    Specific Modeling Methods
    C57/ HsdWin:NMRI mice • 10 mg/kg i.p.
    Modeling Indicators
    Myocardial dysfunction: The left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreases, and the left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) increases.
    The levels of CK-MB, LDH, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, etc. in the serum increases, and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway inhibites.
    HE staining of the heart: The arrangement of myocardial fibers is disordered, the myocardial tissue is damaged with unclear contours, there are phenomena such as myocardial lysis, interstitial edema, congestion, infiltration of inflammatory cells, etc.
    Correlated Product(s): Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 (HY-D1056A1)
    Opposite Product(s): /

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Model: Female and male CD1 mice[3]
    Dosage: 1.5mg/kg
    Administration: Intraperitoneal injection, once
    Result: Induced sickness behavior in all mice, but adult mice displayed more sickness than pubertal mice and adult males remained sick for a longer period of time than adult females.
    Caused a decrease in body temperature for all mice, but this decrease was greatest in adult males.
    Increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines at various levels in pubertal and adult male and female mice, resulted in age and sex differences in cytokine concentrations following immune challenge.
    Only adult males and females treated with LPS displayed significantly more IL-6 than their saline controls, and pubertal males and females and adult females displayed significantly more IL-10 than their saline controls.
    All the mice displayed significantly more IL-12 and TNF-α than their saline controls.
    Clinical Trial
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    [Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5]
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source

    surface of Gram-negative bacteria
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    H2O : 50 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic)

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    In Vivo:

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

      Solubility: 8.33 mg/mL; Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

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    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Purity & Documentation

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    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 Related Classifications

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    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5LPSToll-like Receptor (TLR)EscherichiacoliO55:B5endotoxinGram-negativeimmunogenic antigenimmuneTNF-αhypothermiacytokinesInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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