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  3. Thymol

Thymol is a TRPA1 agonist. Thymol induces cancer cell apoptosis. Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects.

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Thymol Chemical Structure

Thymol Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 89-83-8

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Thymol:

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  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

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Description

Thymol is a TRPA1 agonist. Thymol induces cancer cell apoptosis. Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects[1].

In Vitro

Thymol (20 μM, 24-48 h) inhibits the IL4I1 expression (24 h), and inhibits aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling (48 h) in A549 cells[2].
Thymol (5 μM, 48 h) inhibits epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and the motility activity in A549 cells[2].
Thymol (0-600 μM, 48 h) inhibits cell proliferation in multiple cancer cell types (Cal27, SCC4, SCC9, HeLa, H460, MDA-231 and PC3 cells)[3].
Thymol (200 μg/mL) induces a caspase-dependent conidial apoptosis in A. flavus[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis[2]

Cell Line: A549 cells
Concentration: 20 μM
Incubation Time: 48 h
Result: Inhibited the protein levels of IL4I1, and the nuclear translocation of AHR.
Reduced total AHR level.
In Vivo

Thymol single (75 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibits the progression of LUAD in an orthotopic mouse lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) model, and sensitizes the anti‐PD‐1 antibody treatment when in combination with anti‐PD‐1 antibody (10 mg/kg, i.p.)[2].
Thymol (4.3 mM in 50 μL sterile saline, intra-tumor injection, every other day) shows antitumor effects in Cal27-derived xenografts mice[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: orthotopic mouse LUAD model[2]
Dosage: 75 mg/kg for Thymol, 10 mg/kg for anti‐PD‐1 antibody
Administration: anti‐PD‐1 antibody: i.p., every 1 week from day 5 after tumor injection.
Thymol: i.p., every 2 days from day 5 after tumor injection.
Result: Inhibited the progression of LUAD, and increased the survival of mice.
Decreases IL4I1 level in tumors.
Improved the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 antibody.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

150.22

Formula

C10H14O

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

OC1=CC(C)=CC=C1C(C)C

Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Store at room temperature 3 years

In solvent -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 125 mg/mL (832.11 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 6.6569 mL 33.2845 mL 66.5690 mL
5 mM 1.3314 mL 6.6569 mL 13.3138 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

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Volume (start)

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C2

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (13.85 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (13.85 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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mg/kg

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g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.97%

References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 6.6569 mL 33.2845 mL 66.5690 mL 166.4226 mL
5 mM 1.3314 mL 6.6569 mL 13.3138 mL 33.2845 mL
10 mM 0.6657 mL 3.3285 mL 6.6569 mL 16.6423 mL
15 mM 0.4438 mL 2.2190 mL 4.4379 mL 11.0948 mL
20 mM 0.3328 mL 1.6642 mL 3.3285 mL 8.3211 mL
25 mM 0.2663 mL 1.3314 mL 2.6628 mL 6.6569 mL
30 mM 0.2219 mL 1.1095 mL 2.2190 mL 5.5474 mL
40 mM 0.1664 mL 0.8321 mL 1.6642 mL 4.1606 mL
50 mM 0.1331 mL 0.6657 mL 1.3314 mL 3.3285 mL
60 mM 0.1109 mL 0.5547 mL 1.1095 mL 2.7737 mL
80 mM 0.0832 mL 0.4161 mL 0.8321 mL 2.0803 mL
100 mM 0.0666 mL 0.3328 mL 0.6657 mL 1.6642 mL
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Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Thymol
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