Protoporphyrin IX 

Protoporphyrin IX is a final intermediate in the heme biosynthetic pathway, which acts as a radiation sensitizer enhancing ROS generation even in a hypoxic state and inducing DNA damage. Protoporphyrin IX also acts as a photo sensitizer undergoing photobleaching that occurs through direct degradation by light irradiation. Protoporphyrin IX is formed and accumulated following 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (HY-W000450) administration in the tumor cells of rats. Protoporphyrin IX causes selective improvement of basal cell carcinoma when activated red fluorescence of a peak wavelength at 405 nm. Protoporphyrin IX is promising for research of sonodynamic and photodynamic agents for a wide range of cancers, such as bladder cancer and nodular basal cell carcinoma^{[1][2][3][4][5]}.

Aminolevulinic acid (HY-W000450) (40 mg/kg, p.o., a single dose) produces full-thickness Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in the five superficial, nodular and morpheaform basal cell carcinoma^[3].
Protoporphyrin IX (3.6 nmol/g tissue) tissue can cause necrosis in normal rat colonic mucosa on exposure to light^[4].
Protoporphyrin IX (6.6 nmol/g tumor) delays tumor growth after irradiation of a tumor in rats^[4].
Protoporphyrin IX (0-25 μM, 2 h) rapidly results in increased nuclear G4 levels in Hela cells^[5]。

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

The highest level of Protoporphyrin IX (approximately 6.3 nmol/g tissue) is found in rat liver and intestine, followed by aorta (4.3 nmol/g tissue) and oesophagus (2.1 nmol/g tissue), 3 h after Aminolevulinic acid (300 mg/kg, i.v., a single dose) administration^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

562.66

C₃₄H₃₄N₄O₄

553-12-8

Solid

Brown to black

O=C(O)CCC1=C2/C=C3C(CCC(O)=O)=C(C)C(/C=C(N/4)/C(C)=C(C=C)C4=C\C5=N/C(C(C=C)=C5C)=C\C(N2)=C1C)=N/3

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

• [1]. Yasushi Nakai, et al.Protoporphyrin IX induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid in bladder cancer cells in voided urine can be extracorporeally quantified using a spectrophotometer.

  [2]. Myrzakhmetov B, et al. Photophysical Properties of Protoporphyrin IX, Pyropheophorbide-a and Photofrin^® in Different Conditions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Feb 9;14(2):138.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Tope WD, et al. Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence induced in basal cell carcinoma by oral delta-aminolevulinic acid[J]. Photochem Photobiol. 1998 Feb;67(2):249-55.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. van den Boogert J, et al. 5-Aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX accumulation in tissues: pharmacokinetics after oral or intravenous administration[J]. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1998 Jun 15;44(1):29-38.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Li C, et al. G-quadruplexes sense natural porphyrin metabolites for regulation of gene transcription and chromatin landscapes. Genome Biol. 2022 Dec 15;23(1):259.  [Content Brief]