1. Immunology/Inflammation
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  3. Syringaldehyde

Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities.

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Syringaldehyde Chemical Structure

Syringaldehyde Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 134-96-3

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Description

Syringaldehyde is a polyphenolic compound belonging to the group of flavonoids and is found in different plant species like Manihot esculenta and Magnolia officinalis[1]. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibits COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL[2]. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities[1].

IC50 & Target[2]

COX-2

19.2 μM (IC50)

In Vitro

Syringaldehyde inhibits COX-2 activity in a dosedependent manner with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/mL[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Syringaldehyde exerts anti-hyperglycemic effect in rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin. Apart from antioxidant capability, Syringaldehyde also has anti-inflammatory activity as it is found to have inhibitory action on cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) in mouse macrophage cell line[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Molecular Weight

182.17

Formula

C9H10O4

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Light brown to brown

SMILES

O=CC1=CC(OC)=C(O)C(OC)=C1

Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (548.94 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 5.4894 mL 27.4469 mL 54.8938 mL
5 mM 1.0979 mL 5.4894 mL 10.9788 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.72 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.72 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.96%

References
Animal Administration

Rats[1]
Adult male albino wistar rats (weighing 180-220 g)
12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg; p.o.; for 21 days
Adult male albino wistar rats are randomly divided into six groups (n=6), first group serves as control and receives vehicle (orally) for 21 days. Second group is given Syringaldehyde in saline orally at 50 mg/kg for 21 days. Third group receives vehicle for a period of 21 days and then ISO (100 mg/kg, s.c.) on 20th and 21 st day at an interval of 24 h. Fourth group is given Syringaldehyde for 21 days at 12.5 mg/kg, p.o. and ISO on 20th and 21 st day. Fifth group receives Syringaldehyde at concentration of 25 mg/kg, p.o. for 21 days and ISO on 20th and 21 st day. The sixth group is treated with 50 mg/kg of Syringaldehyde for 21 days and ISO on 20th and 21 st day. During the experimental procedure body weight of animals are monitored and on 22nd day, 24 h after second injection of ISO, rats sre sacrificed by cervical decapitation.
Note: Body weight of animals belonging to different groups did not differed significantly but heart weight of ISO challenged animals were highly elevated (p ≤ 0.05) than control rats. However, treatment of rats with Syringaldehyde significantly reduced heart weight in dose dependent way. The rats treated with Syringaldehyde alone displayed an insignificant difference from control group.

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 5.4894 mL 27.4469 mL 54.8938 mL 137.2345 mL
5 mM 1.0979 mL 5.4894 mL 10.9788 mL 27.4469 mL
10 mM 0.5489 mL 2.7447 mL 5.4894 mL 13.7234 mL
15 mM 0.3660 mL 1.8298 mL 3.6596 mL 9.1490 mL
20 mM 0.2745 mL 1.3723 mL 2.7447 mL 6.8617 mL
25 mM 0.2196 mL 1.0979 mL 2.1958 mL 5.4894 mL
30 mM 0.1830 mL 0.9149 mL 1.8298 mL 4.5745 mL
40 mM 0.1372 mL 0.6862 mL 1.3723 mL 3.4309 mL
50 mM 0.1098 mL 0.5489 mL 1.0979 mL 2.7447 mL
60 mM 0.0915 mL 0.4574 mL 0.9149 mL 2.2872 mL
80 mM 0.0686 mL 0.3431 mL 0.6862 mL 1.7154 mL
100 mM 0.0549 mL 0.2745 mL 0.5489 mL 1.3723 mL
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Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Syringaldehyde
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