2. Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel
  3. Potassium Channel
  4. TRAM-34

TRAM-34 is a highly selective blocker of intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K+ channel (IKCa1) (Kd=20 nM).

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TRAM-34 Chemical Structure

TRAM-34 Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 289905-88-0

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Customer Review

Based on 18 publication(s) in Google Scholar

TRAM-34 Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

  • Biological Activity

  • Protocol

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

TRAM-34 is a highly selective blocker of intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K+ channel (IKCa1) (Kd=20 nM).

IC50 & Target

Kd: 20 nM (IKCa1)[1]
In Vitro

TRAM-34 selectively blocks the IKCa1 current (Kd=25 nM), TRAM-34 also blocks IKCa1 currents in human T84 colonic epithelial cells with equivalent potency (Kd=22 nM). TRAM-34 inhibits the cloned and the native IKCa1 channel in human T lymphocytes with a Kd of 20-25 nM and is 200- to 1,500-fold selective over other ion channels. The dose-response curve reveals a Kd of 20±3 nM and a Hill coefficient of 1.2 with 1 μM calcium in the pipette[1].
TRAM-34, a specific inhibitor of KCa 3.1 channels increased or decreased cell proliferation depending on the concentration. At intermediate concentrations (3-10 μM) TRAM-34 increased cell proliferation, whereas at higher concentrations (20-100 μM) TRAM-34 decreased cell proliferation. The enhancement of cell proliferation caused by TRAM-34 is blocked by the oestrogen receptor antagonists ICI182,780 and Tamoxifen. TRAM-34 also increases progesterone receptor mRNA expression, decreased oestrogen receptor-α mRNA expression and reduced the binding of radiolabelled oestrogen to MCF-7 oestrogen receptor, in each case mimicking the effects of 17β-oestradiol[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

TRAM-34 Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Mice (n=5) injected intravenously with a single dose of TRAM-34 (0.5 mg/kg; 29 μM) appeared clinically normal during the 7-day study. The body-weight data of the TRAM-34-treated group (day 1:17.8 g; day 7: 27.0 g) are similar to control mice injected with the vehicle (day 1: 17.4 g; day 7: 23.4 g). Collectively, data from these limited toxicity studies suggest that TRAM-34 is not acutely toxic at ≈500-1,000 times the channel-blocking dose[1].
Treatment with TRAM-34 results in a significant reduction in hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) defined lesion area with the mean infarct size being reduced from 22.6±3.6% in the controls (n=8) to 11.3±2.8% in rats treated with 10 mg/kg TRAM-34 (n=6, mean±s.e.m., P=0.039) and to 8.1±1.9% in rats treated with 40 mg/kg TRAM-34 (n=8; P=0.004). The treatment also tended to reduce brain shrinkage. However, the results are only statistically significant with 40 mg/kg TRAM-34 (P=0.013), but not for the 10 mg/kg group (P=0.11)[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Molecular Weight

344.84

Formula

C22H17ClN2
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

ClC1=CC=CC=C1C(N2N=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (72.50 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.8999 mL 14.4995 mL 28.9990 mL
5 mM 0.5800 mL 2.8999 mL 5.7998 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
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Concentration
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Volume
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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.03 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: 2.08 mg/mL (6.03 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.08 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  20% SBE-β-CD in Saline

    Solubility: 5 mg/mL (14.50 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.94%

COA (256 KB) RP-HPLC (80 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Kinase Assay
[2]

MCF-7 cell protein (250 µg) is incubated at room temperature for 2 h in TEDG buffer in the presence of 0.1 nM [2,4,6,7,16,17-3H(N)]-oestradiol ([3H]-E2) (110 Ci/mmol) in a total final volume of 500 µL. Non-specific binding is assessed in the presence of a 100-fold excess of non-radioactive E2. TRAM-34 and E2 standards are diluted in phenol red-free 5% DCC-FBS MEM containing supplements before being added to the cytosolic protein. A vehicle control comprised of 5% DCC-FBS MEM containing supplements with 0.7% DMSO. To separate ER-bound [3H]-E2 from unbound [3H]-E2, 250 µL of hydroxylapatite (HAP, 60% in TEDG buffer) is added, the mixture is vortexed every 5 min over 15 min and centrifuged at 1000×g for 10 min. The HAP-[3H]-E2-ER complex is washed with TEDG buffer, centrifuged and the wash step repeated. To elute [3H]-E2 from the HAP-[3H]-E2-ER complex, 500 µL of 100% ethanol is added and the mixture then incubated for 15 min and centrifuged at 1034×g for 10 min. The separated [3H]-E2 is removed and added to 2 mL of scintillation fluid. Radioactivity is quantified using a Beckman LS 5000TA scintillation counter. Competition of [3H]-E2 with TRAM-34 is assayed in quadruplicate on four independent protein extractions. An apparent dissociation constant of 0.135±0.034 nM (n=3) and a maximum binding capacity of 48.3±5.4 fmol/mg (n=3) are determined by Scatchard analysis[2].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Administration
[1][3]

Mice[1]
Five CF-1BR mice (17-19 g) are injected intravenously with a single 1.0-ml dose of 0.5 mg/kg TRAM-34 (in mammalian Ringer solution with 1% ethanol and 2.5% BSA). Five control mice are injected with an equal volume of the vehicle. Mice are observed for adverse effects immediately after dosing, at 4 h after injection and daily for 7 days.
Rats[3]
Adult male Wistar rats weighing 160 to 180 g are used. Rats receive TRAM-34 at 10 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg or vehicle (Miglyol 812 neutral oil at 1 μL/g) twice daily intraperitoneally for 7 days starting 12 hours after reperfusion. Neurological deficits are scored according to a 4-score test and a tactile and proprioceptive limb-placing test as follows: (1) 4-score test (higher score for more severe neurological deficits): 0=no apparent deficit; 1=contralateral forelimb is consistently flexed during suspension by holding the tail; 2=decreasing grip ability on the contralateral forelimb while tail pulled; 3=spontaneous movement in all directions but circling to contralateral side when pulled by the tail; 4=spontaneous contralateral circling or depressed level of consciousness. (2) 14-score limb-placing test (lower score for more severe neurological deficits): proprioception, forward extension, lateral abduction, and adduction are tested with vision or tactile stimuli. For visual limb placing, rats are held and slowly moved forward or lateral toward the top of a table. Normal rats placed both forepaws on the tabletop. Tactile forward and lateral limb placing are tested by lightly contacting the table edge with the dorsal or lateral surface of a rat's paw while avoiding whisker contact and covering the eyes to avoid vision.

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 2.8999 mL 14.4995 mL 28.9990 mL 72.4974 mL
5 mM 0.5800 mL 2.8999 mL 5.7998 mL 14.4995 mL
10 mM 0.2900 mL 1.4499 mL 2.8999 mL 7.2497 mL
15 mM 0.1933 mL 0.9666 mL 1.9333 mL 4.8332 mL
20 mM 0.1450 mL 0.7250 mL 1.4499 mL 3.6249 mL
25 mM 0.1160 mL 0.5800 mL 1.1600 mL 2.8999 mL
30 mM 0.0967 mL 0.4833 mL 0.9666 mL 2.4166 mL
40 mM 0.0725 mL 0.3625 mL 0.7250 mL 1.8124 mL
50 mM 0.0580 mL 0.2900 mL 0.5800 mL 1.4499 mL
60 mM 0.0483 mL 0.2417 mL 0.4833 mL 1.2083 mL
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TRAM-34 Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

TRAM-34289905-88-0TRAM34TRAM 34Potassium ChannelKcsAInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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