2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor
  4. PPAR

PPAR

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

PPAR

Related Products

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PPARs (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) are ligand-activated transcription factors of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily comprising of the following three subtypes: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ. PPARs play essential roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, development, and metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein), and tumorigenesis of higher organisms. All PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and bind to specific regions on the DNA of target genes. Activation of PPAR-α reduces triglyceride level and is involved in regulation of energy homeostasis. Activation of PPAR-γ enhances glucose metabolism, whereas activation of PPAR-β/δ enhances fatty acids metabolism.

PPAR Isoform Specific Products:

PPAR Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-14649
    Retinoic acid
    		Agonist 99.81%
    Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. Retinoic acid is a natural agonist of RAR nuclear receptors, with IC50s of 14 nM for RARα/β/γ. Retinoic acid bind to PPARβ/δ with Kd of 17 nM. Retinoic acid acts as an inhibitor of transcription factor Nrf2 through activation of retinoic acid receptor alpha.
    Retinoic acid
  • HY-17386
    Rosiglitazone
    		Agonist 99.94%
    Rosiglitazone (BRL 49653) is an orally active selective PPARγ agonist (EC50: 60 nM, Kd: 40 nM). Rosiglitazone is an TRPC5 activator (EC50: 30 μM) and TRPM3 inhibitor. Rosiglitazone can be used in the research of obesity and diabetes, senescence, ovarian cancer.
    Rosiglitazone
  • HY-16578
    GW9662
    		Antagonist 99.79%
    GW9662 is a potent and selective PPARγ antagonist with an IC50 of 3.3 nM, showing 10 and 1000-fold selectivity over PPARα and PPARδ, respectively.
    GW9662
  • HY-13956
    Pioglitazone
    		Activator 99.89%
    Pioglitazone (U 72107) is an orally active and selective PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) agonist with high affinity binding to the PPARγ ligand-binding domain with EC50 of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively. Pioglitazone can be used in diabetes research.
    Pioglitazone
  • HY-15372
    GW6471
    		Antagonist 99.64%
    GW6471 is a potent PPARα antagonist.
    GW6471
  • HY-10863
    Anandamide
    		Activator ≥99.0%
    Anandamide is an endocannabinoid. Anandamide modulates both neuronal and immune functions through two protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Anandamide can activate numerous other receptors like PPARS, TRPV1, and GPR18/GPR55. Anandamide also has potential anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activities. Anandamide can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ulcerative colitis.
    Anandamide
  • HY-162713
    MTX-531
    		Agonist 99.87%
    MTX-531 is an oral drug that inhibits EGFR (with an IC50 of 14.7 nM) and PI3K (with IC50 values of 6.4, 233, 8.3, and 1.1 nM for PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ, and PI3Kδ respectively), and it has anti-tumor effects. MTX-531 also acts as a weak agonist of PPARγ, with an IC50 of 2.5 µM, helping to alleviate hyperglycemia induced by PI3K inhibitors.
    MTX-531
  • HY-121389
    Hexadecanamide
    		Activator
    Hexadecanamide (Palmitamide), a fatty acid amide, has orally active anti-allergic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Hexadecanamide alleviate S. aureus-caused mastitis by depressing inflammatory response and maintaining blood-milk barrier integrity. Hexadecanamide depresses S. aureus-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway in mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs). Hexadecanamide activates PPARα. Hexadecanamide enhances sperm motility in vitro.
    Hexadecanamide
  • HY-17356
    Fenofibrate
    		Agonist 99.92%
    Fenofibrate is a selective PPARα agonist with an EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate also inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoforms, with IC50s of 0.2, 0.7, 9.7, 4.8 and 142.1 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, respectively.
    Fenofibrate
  • HY-15027
    5-Aminosalicylic Acid
    		Agonist 99.82%
    5-Aminosalicylic acid (Mesalamine) acts as a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and NF-κB. 5-Aminosalicylic acid can inhibit the activity of osteopontin (OPN).
    5-Aminosalicylic Acid
  • HY-16995
    Pirinixic acid
    		Agonist 99.80%
    Pirinixic acid (Wy-14643) is a potent agonist of PPARα, with EC50s of 0.63 μM, 32 μM for murine PPARα and PPARγ, and 5.0 μM, 60 μM, 35 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively.
    Pirinixic acid
  • HY-N0182
    Fisetin
    		Inhibitor 98.39%
    Fisetin is a natural flavonol found in many fruits and vegetables with various benefits, such as antioxidant, anticancer, neuroprotection effects.
    Fisetin
  • HY-50935
    Troglitazone
    		Agonist 99.78%
    Troglitazone is an orally active PPARγ agonist, with EC50s of 550 nM and 780 nM for human and murine PPARγ receptor, respectively. Troglitazone has anticancer activity, prevents and inhibits the development of type 2 diabetes.
    Troglitazone
  • HY-13202
    T0070907
    		Antagonist 99.98%
    T0070907 is a potent PPARγ antagonist with a Ki of 1 nM.
    T0070907
  • HY-N0019
    Daidzein
    		Activator 99.72%
    Daidzein is a soy isoflavone, which acts as a PPAR activator.
    Daidzein
  • HY-B2163
    Astaxanthin
    		Activator ≥98.0%
    Astaxanthin, the red dietary carotenoid, is an orally effective and potent antioxidant. Astaxanthin inhibits NF-κB and down-regulates VEGF in blood glucose. Astaxanthin exerts anti-cancer cell proliferation, increases apoptosis, impairs migration and invasion by activating PPARγ and reducing the expression of STAT3. Astaxanthin also has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in studies of cancer, diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and in the coloring of animal feed.
    Astaxanthin
  • HY-N0014
    Icariin
    		Activator 99.06%
    Icariin is a flavonol glycoside. Icariin inhibits PDE5 and PDE4 activities with IC50s of 432 nM and 73.50 μM, respectively. Icariin also is a PPARα activator.
    Icariin
  • HY-10838
    GW 501516
    		Agonist 99.43%
    GW 501516 (GW 1516) is a PPARδ agonist with an EC50 of 1.1 nM.
    GW 501516
  • HY-13861
    GW7647
    		Agonist 99.53%
    GW7647 is a potent PPARα agonist, with EC50s of 6 nM, 1.1 μM, and 6.2 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively.
    GW7647
  • HY-129993
    Gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    Gemfibrozil 1-O-β-Glucuronide, a metabolite of Gemfibrozil (CI-719; HY-B0258), is a potent and competitive P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2C8 inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.07 μM.
    Gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
PPAR Isoform Comparison

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