2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-Y0836
    Diethyl succinate
    		≥98.0%
    Diethyl succinate (Diethyl Butanedioate) can be utilized at physiological pH, allowing it to penetrate biological membranes and integrate into the cells of tissue cultures, where it is metabolized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Diethyl succinate modulates the polarization and activation of microglial cells by reducing mitochondrial fission and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby exerting an inflammatory protective effect in primary microglial cells. Furthermore, Diethyl succinate is non-toxic and can be used in flavorings and seasonings.
    Diethyl succinate
  • HY-19357
    E3330
    		Inducer 99.67%
    E3330 (APX-3330) is a direct, orally active and selective inhibitor of Ape-1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1)/Ref-1 (redox factor-1) redox. E3330 is able to impair tumor growth and blocks the activity of NF-κB, AP-1, and HIF-1α in pancreatic cancer. E3330 shows anticancer activities.
    E3330
  • HY-W027951
    N,N'-Dimethylthiourea
    		99.93%
    N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (DMTU), isolated from Allium sativum, is an orally active scavenger of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and blocks •OH production by activated neutrophils in vitro. N,N'-Dimethylthiourea protects against water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats by exerting its antioxidant action including •OH scavenging and anti-inflammatory action.
    N,N'-Dimethylthiourea
  • HY-125859
    Peroxidase, Horseradish
    Peroxidase, Horseradish actively involves in oxidizing reactive oxygen species, innate immunity, hormone biosynthesis and pathogenesis of several diseases.
    Peroxidase, Horseradish
  • HY-W015273
    3-Indoleacrylic acid
    		Agonist 99.41%
    3-Indoleacrylic acid is a high-efficient antialgal agent. 3-Indoleacrylic acid increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inhibits the functions of all the nutrient assimilating genes, down-regulated ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase II, and cytochrome f genes in P. donghaiense.
    3-Indoleacrylic acid
  • HY-119412
    Biliatresone
    		Inhibitor 99.48%
    Biliatresone is a natural toxin isolated from Dysphania glomulifera and D. littoralis. Biliatresone, a 1,2-diaryl-2-propenone class of isoflavonoid, produces extrahepatic biliary atresia in a zebrafish model.
    Biliatresone
  • HY-18085A
    Quercetin hydrate
    		Inhibitor 98.45%
    Quercetin hydrate, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin hydrate
  • HY-N0457
    Chicoric acid
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Chicoric acid (Cichoric acid), an orally active dicaffeyltartaric acid, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Chicoric acid inhibits cell viability and induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Chicoric acid increases glucose uptake, improves insulin resistance, and attenuates glucosamine-induced inflammation. Chicoric acid has antidiabetic properties and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects.
    Chicoric acid
  • HY-N0022
    Isoacteoside
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Isoacteoside is a natural product that can significantly inhibit the formation of glycation end products. Isoacteoside regulates the AKT/PI3K/m-TOR/NF-κB signaling pathway, induces apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cell. Isoacteoside exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and neuroprotective activities.
    Isoacteoside
  • HY-B0739
    Citicoline
    		Inhibitor 99.59%
    Citicoline is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a component of cell membranes. Citicoline inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Citicoline can be used for neurological disease and hearing loss study.
    Citicoline
  • HY-111330
    Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein
    		99.91%
    Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein (HPF) is a stable ROS fluorescent probe dye. Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein has stronger specificity and stability than H2DCFDA (HY-D0940). Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein can produce strong green fluorescence through hydroxyl radical reaction with intracellular peroxynitroso. Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein can be applied for fluorescence microscopy, high-throughput imager, luciferase microplate reader or flow cytometry. Ex/Em=490/515 nm.
    Hydroxyphenyl Fluorescein
  • HY-N0056
    Isochlorogenic acid A
    		99.89%
    Isochlorogenic acid A (3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid) is a natural phenolic acid with anti-mutagenicity, anti-HBV, anti-HIV, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatoryy activities.
    Isochlorogenic acid A
  • HY-17402
    Nisoldipine
    		99.56%
    Nisoldipine (BAY-k 5552; Sular) is an orally active and blood-brain barrier-penetrating dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, with greater vascular selectivity than other calcium channel antagonists. Nisoldipine inhibits calcium influx and blocks voltage-gated calcium channels. Nisoldipine dilates coronary and systemic arteries. Nisoldipine has antihypertensive and anti-anginal activity. Nisoldipine also displays neuroprotective and antiviral activity.
    Nisoldipine
  • HY-N0768
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside
    		99.95%
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside
  • HY-P1934
    Cyclo(Phe-Pro)
    		Inhibitor 98.77%
    Cyclo(Phe-Pro) (Cyclo(phenylalanylprolyl)) is a quorum-sensing molecule of Vibrio vulnificus that specifically interacts with RIG-I, inhibiting RIG-I polyubiquitination, suppressing IRF-3 activation, and reducing type I interferon production. Cyclo(Phe-Pro) enhances susceptibility to HCV and influenza virus and also alleviates plant aluminum toxicity stress. The mechanism of Cyclo(Phe-Pro) involves the regulation of host immune signaling pathways, bacterial virulence gene expression, and plant antioxidant systems, making it a promising candidate for research in viral infections, bacterial virulence regulation, and agricultural stress resistance.
    Cyclo(Phe-Pro)
  • HY-130750
    Phycocyanobilin
    		Inhibitor 98.90%
    Phycocyanobilin, an orally active antioxidative agent, is an effective scavenger for various reactive oxygen species. Phycocyanobilin can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease.
    Phycocyanobilin
  • HY-136386
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group, but cannot enter the glutathione metabolic pathway.
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine
  • HY-N0621
    Morin
    		Inhibitor
    Morin is an orally active plant-derived flavonoid. Morin inhibits ROS generation. Morin induces Apoptosis. Morin inhibits PTP1B (IC50 of 15 μM) and activates the insulin receptor. Morin has a detoxifying effect. Morin can be used in diabetes, leukemia, colon cancer, cervical cancer, Parkinson's disease and hypertension research.
    Morin
  • HY-N0037
    Albiflorin
    		Inhibitor 98.67%
    Albiflorin, a major constituent contained in peony root, is a monoterpene glycoside with neuroprotective effects. Albiflorin also has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects.
    Albiflorin
  • HY-N0892
    AKBA
    		99.93%
    AKBA (Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid) is an active triterpenoid compound from the extract of Boswellia serrate and a novel Nrf2 activator.
    AKBA
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity