2. Immunology/Inflammation NF-κB Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Apoptosis
  3. Reactive Oxygen Species Ferroptosis Apoptosis
  4. Trolox

Trolox is an analogue of vitamin E with a powerful antioxidant effect. Trolox is also a powerful inhibitor of membrane damage.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Trolox Chemical Structure

Trolox Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 53188-07-1

Size Price Stock Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 USD 55 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 55 In-stock
Solid
500 mg USD 50 In-stock
1 g USD 60 In-stock
5 g USD 180 In-stock
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Customer Review

Based on 18 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Trolox:

Trolox Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

    Trolox purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Jan 27;2020:5829521.  [Abstract]

    The effects of Trolox on the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream targets. MDBK cells in 60 mm dishes pretreated with Trolox (1 mM) or DMSO control for 1 h are exposed to tBHP in the presence of Trolox or DMSO control for 2 h; the cell lysates are prepared for Western blots to detect the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1.

    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Trolox is an analogue of vitamin E with a powerful antioxidant effect. Trolox is also a powerful inhibitor of membrane damage[1][2].

    In Vitro

    Trolox has shown to protect mammalian cells from oxidative damage. Trolox is effective in preventing myocyte necrosis in cell culture studies and in a canine model of two hours of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion followed by four hours of reperfusion[1].
    Trolox could prevent oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in thymocytes. Pre- or post-treatment of cells with Trolox reduced H2O2-induced DNA fragmentation to control levels and below. [2].
    Trolox is a hydrophilic analog of alpha-tocopherol and reported to scavenge peroxyl radicals better than vitamin E in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles and in liposomes. Trolox prolongs substantially the survival of human ventricular myocytes and hepatocyte against oxyradicals generated with xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine, and prevented lysis of red cells exposed to an azo-initiator[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Trolox Related Antibodies
    Molecular Weight

    250.29

    Formula

    C14H18O4
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    Off-white to gray

    SMILES

    O=C(C1(C)CCC2=C(C)C(O)=C(C)C(C)=C2O1)O
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 1 year
    -20°C 6 months
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 233.33 mg/mL (932.24 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 3.9954 mL 19.9768 mL 39.9537 mL
    5 mM 0.7991 mL 3.9954 mL 7.9907 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
    =
    Concentration
    ×
    Volume
    ×
    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

    ×
    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.31 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.31 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.87%

    COA (247 KB) HNMR (261 KB) LCMS (91 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References
    Cell Assay
    [1]

    Thymocytes are treated with Trolox (10 mM) before, during, or after 10 min exposure to 10 μM H2O2. Trolox incubations that are conducted before or after H2O2 exposures are performed in TCM. Trolox treatments that are administered concurrently with H2O2 are performed in PBS with ferrous sulfate[1].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 3.9954 mL 19.9768 mL 39.9537 mL 99.8841 mL
    5 mM 0.7991 mL 3.9954 mL 7.9907 mL 19.9768 mL
    10 mM 0.3995 mL 1.9977 mL 3.9954 mL 9.9884 mL
    15 mM 0.2664 mL 1.3318 mL 2.6636 mL 6.6589 mL
    20 mM 0.1998 mL 0.9988 mL 1.9977 mL 4.9942 mL
    25 mM 0.1598 mL 0.7991 mL 1.5981 mL 3.9954 mL
    30 mM 0.1332 mL 0.6659 mL 1.3318 mL 3.3295 mL
    40 mM 0.0999 mL 0.4994 mL 0.9988 mL 2.4971 mL
    50 mM 0.0799 mL 0.3995 mL 0.7991 mL 1.9977 mL
    60 mM 0.0666 mL 0.3329 mL 0.6659 mL 1.6647 mL
    80 mM 0.0499 mL 0.2497 mL 0.4994 mL 1.2486 mL
    100 mM 0.0400 mL 0.1998 mL 0.3995 mL 0.9988 mL
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    Trolox Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Trolox53188-07-1Reactive Oxygen SpeciesFerroptosisApoptosisInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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