2. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
  3. DNA/RNA Synthesis
  4. Tetrahydrouridine dihydrate

Tetrahydrouridine dihydrate  (Synonyms: THU dihydrate; NSC-112907 dihydrate)

Cat. No.: HY-15345 Purity: 99.79%
SDS COA Handling Instructions

Molarity Calculator

Tetrahydrouridine dihydrate (THU dihydrate) is potent inhibitor of cytidine deaminase (CDA), which competitively blocks the enzyme's active site more effectively than intrinsic cytidine.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Tetrahydrouridine dihydrate Chemical Structure

Tetrahydrouridine dihydrate Chemical Structure

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10 mg USD 540 In-stock
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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Tetrahydrouridine dihydrate:

Tetrahydrouridine dihydrate Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

1 Publications Citing Use of MCE Tetrahydrouridine dihydrate

  • Biological Activity

  • Protocol

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

Tetrahydrouridine dihydrate (THU dihydrate) is potent inhibitor of cytidine deaminase (CDA), which competitively blocks the enzyme's active site more effectively than intrinsic cytidine.

IC50 & Target

cytidine deaminase (CDA)[1]
In Vitro

Tetrahydrouridine (THU) is a specific inhibitor of cytidine deaminase (CDA) which can suppress deamination in the catabolism of cytotoxic deoxycytidine analogues like ara-C and Gemcitabine. To test how Tetrahydrouridine affects the Gemcitabine-mediated anti-neoplastic effect on pancreatic and lung carcinoma cells, a combination therapy is performed. As expected, high CDA expression in BxPC-3 and H441 results in improved Gemcitabine sensitivity after a 100 μM Tetrahydrouridine treatment. The sensitivity of BxPC-3 and H441 cell lines increases by as much as approximately 2.1 and 4.4 fold respectively. On the other hand, MIAPaCa-2 and H1299 cells unexpectedly become more sensitive to Gemcitabine with low CDA expression. MIAPaCa-2 and H1299 cells show a change in IC50 of 2.2 and 2.3 fold respectively. However, Panc-1 and H322 cells do not show significant changes in drug sensitivity. These data suggested that Tetrahydrouridine can sensitize some pancreatic and lung carcinoma cells to Gemcitabine-induced cell death regardless of CDA expression levels. Tetrahydrouridine inhibits S-phase without apoptosis[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Tetrahydrouridine dihydrate Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Administration of 167 mg/kg Tetrahydrouridine (THU) followed by 1.0 mg/kg DAC results in death in one male and eight females. Animals surviving to scheduled termination are generally asymptomatic with no treatment related effects observed in body weights, food consumption, clinical chemistry and urinalysis for a treatment up to 1.0 mg/kg DAC in combination with 167 mg/kg Tetrahydrouridine in animals[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

284.26

Formula

C9H20N2O8
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C1N([C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)CCC(O)N1.[H]O[H].[H]O[H]
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (351.79 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 50 mg/mL (175.90 mM; Need ultrasonic)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.5179 mL 17.5895 mL 35.1791 mL
5 mM 0.7036 mL 3.5179 mL 7.0358 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.79 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.79 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.86%

SDS (251 KB)

COA (253 KB) HNMR (223 KB) RP-HPLC (239 KB) MS (69 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Cell Assay
[1]

Cell growth for pancreatic and lung carcinoma cell lines is carried out using the colorimetric methylene blue assay in 96-well plates at a density of 5,000 cells/well. Cells are either exposed or not exposed to Tetrahydrouridine (100 µM), counting the first 12 hrs as Day 0. Mean values are calculated from three different wells in triplicates for four days[1].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Animal Administration
[2]

Mice[2]
CD-1 mice (male 30-38 g and female 24-31g) from are individually housed in polycarbonate cages suspended on stainless steel racks with SaniChip certified hardwood bedding. Mice are assigned to four dose groups and a vehicle control group. Animals are gavaged with DAC or its vehicle 1 hour ± 5 minutes after administration of THU or its vehicle at a dose volume of 10 mL/kg. The DAC doses are selected based on the range finding study in which the mice tolerated six oral doses (2x/week) of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg DAC in combination with a fixed dose of 167 mg/kg THU. A fixed Tetrahydrouridine dose (500 mg/m2) and the optimal timing between Tetrahydrouridine and DAC administration (60 min) are selected. Conversion of milligrams per body surface area dose in mice into milligrams per kilogram body weight dose estimation is based on Michaelis constant (km) values for mice obtained from US Food and Drug Administration published guidelines. In brief, the mouse dose in milligrams per body surface area (500 mg/m2) is divided by the km of 3 to convert the dose to milligrams per kilogram body weight (167 mg/kg).

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 3.5179 mL 17.5895 mL 35.1791 mL 87.9477 mL
5 mM 0.7036 mL 3.5179 mL 7.0358 mL 17.5895 mL
10 mM 0.3518 mL 1.7590 mL 3.5179 mL 8.7948 mL
15 mM 0.2345 mL 1.1726 mL 2.3453 mL 5.8632 mL
20 mM 0.1759 mL 0.8795 mL 1.7590 mL 4.3974 mL
25 mM 0.1407 mL 0.7036 mL 1.4072 mL 3.5179 mL
30 mM 0.1173 mL 0.5863 mL 1.1726 mL 2.9316 mL
40 mM 0.0879 mL 0.4397 mL 0.8795 mL 2.1987 mL
50 mM 0.0704 mL 0.3518 mL 0.7036 mL 1.7590 mL
60 mM 0.0586 mL 0.2932 mL 0.5863 mL 1.4658 mL
80 mM 0.0440 mL 0.2199 mL 0.4397 mL 1.0993 mL
100 mM 0.0352 mL 0.1759 mL 0.3518 mL 0.8795 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Tetrahydrouridine dihydrate Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Tetrahydrouridine dihydrateTHU dihydrateNSC-112907 dihydrateDNA/RNA SynthesisInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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