2. Apoptosis
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Azathioprine

Azathioprine  (Synonyms: BW 57-322)

Cat. No.: HY-B0256 Purity: 99.89%
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Azathioprine (BW 57-322) is an orally active immunosuppressive agent. Azathioprine can be converted in vivo to the active metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Azathioprine has myelosuppressive effects and induces apoptosis.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Azathioprine Chemical Structure

Azathioprine Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 446-86-6

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Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Azathioprine:

Azathioprine Related Antibodies

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  • Purity & Documentation

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Description

Azathioprine (BW 57-322) is an orally active immunosuppressive agent. Azathioprine can be converted in vivo to the active metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Azathioprine has myelosuppressive effects and induces apoptosis[1][3].

In Vitro

Azathioprine (0-50 μM, 48 hours) can induce severe intracellular GSH depletion with relevant concentrations in both primary rat and human hepatocytes[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Azathioprine Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[2]

Cell Line: Rat hepatocytes, Human hepatocytes
Concentration: 0-50 μM
Incubation Time: 24-48 hours
Result: Showed the decrease in cell viability and intracellular GSH levels in rat hepatocytes as low concentration of 0.5 μM but no significant decrease in cell viability at concentrations below 50 μM as well as GSH depletion was obviously noted at a concentration as low as 1 μM in human hepatocytes.
In Vivo

Azathioprine (oral gavage, 25-400 mg/kg, everyday, 10days) can affect bone marrow cells, red blood cells, and peripheral blood cytokines and other related parameters in a dose-dependent manner, and can induce apoptosis in female CD-1 mice and ICR mice[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Outbred female CD-1 mice, Female ICR mice[3]
Dosage: 25-400 mg/kg
Administration: Oral gavage; everyday; 10days
Result: Induced a decrease in erythrocyte-related parameters as well as leukocyte-related parameters in a dose-dependent manner.
Induced 52.4%, 35.4%, 17.9%, 16.1% and 15.2% reduction in bone marrow cells at concentrations of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mg/kg, respectively while fms-like tyrosine kinase-3(FLT-3) ligand (FL)-related cytokines were increased.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

277.26

Formula

C9H7N7O2S
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Light yellow to yellow

SMILES

O=[N+](C1=C(SC2=C3NC=NC3=NC=N2)N(C)C=N1)[O-]
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (180.34 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.6067 mL 18.0336 mL 36.0672 mL
5 mM 0.7213 mL 3.6067 mL 7.2134 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.50 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.50 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.89%

COA (255 KB) LCMS (93 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 3.6067 mL 18.0336 mL 36.0672 mL 90.1681 mL
5 mM 0.7213 mL 3.6067 mL 7.2134 mL 18.0336 mL
10 mM 0.3607 mL 1.8034 mL 3.6067 mL 9.0168 mL
15 mM 0.2404 mL 1.2022 mL 2.4045 mL 6.0112 mL
20 mM 0.1803 mL 0.9017 mL 1.8034 mL 4.5084 mL
25 mM 0.1443 mL 0.7213 mL 1.4427 mL 3.6067 mL
30 mM 0.1202 mL 0.6011 mL 1.2022 mL 3.0056 mL
40 mM 0.0902 mL 0.4508 mL 0.9017 mL 2.2542 mL
50 mM 0.0721 mL 0.3607 mL 0.7213 mL 1.8034 mL
60 mM 0.0601 mL 0.3006 mL 0.6011 mL 1.5028 mL
80 mM 0.0451 mL 0.2254 mL 0.4508 mL 1.1271 mL
100 mM 0.0361 mL 0.1803 mL 0.3607 mL 0.9017 mL
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Azathioprine Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Azathioprine446-86-6BW 57-322ApoptosisAutoimmunity inhibitor6-MercaptopurineRheumatic diseasesInfectious skin diseasesInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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