Dantrolene sodium  (Synonyms: F 440)

Dantrolene sodium is an orally active, non-competitive glutathione reductase inhibitor with a K_i of 111.6 μM and an IC₅₀ of 52.3 μM. Dantrolene sodium is also a calcium channel protein inhibitor. Dantrolene sodium inhibits the release of Ca²⁺ from RyR1 and RyR3, which can be beneficial in a variety of pathologies caused by disruptions in calcium homeostasis (e.g., stroke, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases). Dantrolene sodium offers relief of muscle spasms, malignant hyperthermia, and antitoxic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory properties^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]}.

Dantrolene (50 μM) sodium alleviates malignant hyperthermia by preventing overactive Ca²⁺ release by increasing the affinity of ryanodine receptor (RyR) for Mg²⁺ in rat skin fibers^[2].
Dantrolene (30 μM, 1 h-3 days) sodium ameliorates the impairment of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, in association with restoring intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis and physiological autophagy, cell survival and proliferation in induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients with Alzheimer's disease ^[3].
Dantrolene (40 μM, 12 h) sodium enhances the protective effect of hypothermia on cerebral cortex neurons, including improved morphology, increased survival and mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species, cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragmentation and apoptosis^[7].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Dantrolene (5-20 mg/kg, i.v.) sodium exhibits cardioprotective effects in a rat model of Digoxin (HY-B1049)-induced cardiotoxicity^[4].
Dantrolene (5-10 mg/kg, i.p.) sodium attenuates spinal cord inflammation in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) ^[5].
Dantrolene (5 mg/kg, intranasal or subcutaneous, 3 times per week) sodium improves cognitive dysfunction in 5XFAD Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice ^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

336.23

C₁₄H₉N₄NaO₅

14663-23-1

Solid

Yellow to orange

O=C([N-]1)N(/N=C/C2=CC=C(C3=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C3)O2)CC1=O.[Na+]

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

• [1]. Zhang W, et al. Neuroprotective effects of dantrolene in neurodegenerative disease: Role of inhibition of pathological inflammation. J Anesth Transl Med. 2024 Jun;3(2):27-35.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Choi RH, et al. Dantrolene requires Mg2+ to arrest malignant hyperthermia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 May 2;114(18):4811-4815.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Wang Y, et al. Dantrolene Ameliorates Impaired Neurogenesis and Synaptogenesis in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Anesthesiology. 2020 May;132(5):1062-1079.  [Content Brief]

  [4]. Zardast M, et al. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Dantrolene Sodium against Digoxininduced Cardiotoxicity in Adult Rats. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem. 2023;22(1):60-65.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Osipchuk NC, et al. Modulation of Ryanodine Receptors Activity Alters the Course of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice. Front Physiol. 2021 Dec 17;12:770820.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Shi Y, et al. Intranasal Dantrolene as a Disease-Modifying Drug in Alzheimer 5XFAD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;76(4):1375-1389.  [Content Brief]

  [7]. Xu SY, et al. Dantrolene enhances the protective effect of hypothermia on cerebral cortex neurons. Neural Regen Res. 2015 Aug;10(8):1279-85.  [Content Brief]

  [8]. F Zhao, et al. Dantrolene inhibition of ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channels. Molecular mechanism and isoform selectivity. J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 27;276(17):13810-6.  [Content Brief]

  [9]. Christopher B Sylvester, et al. Dantrolene inhibits lysophosphatidylcholine-induced valve interstitial cell calcific nodule formation via blockade of the ryanodine receptor. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Mar 30:10:1112965.  [Content Brief]

  [10]. Xi Chen, et al. Dantrolene is neuroprotective in Huntington's disease transgenic mouse model. Mol Neurodegener. 2011 Nov 25;6:81.  [Content Brief]

  [11]. Büyükokuroğlu ME. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of dantrolene sodium in rats and mice. Pharmacol Res. 2002 Jun;45(6):455-60.  [Content Brief]