Lithocholic acid

Name: Lithocholic acid
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-B0172
Rating: 5.0 (13 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-B0172 Purity: 99.99%: FAQs
Data Sheet SDS COA Handling Instructions

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Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis. Lithocholic acid is also a FXR antagonist and a PXR/SXR agonist.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Lithocholic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 434-13-9

Size	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
500 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
1 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 g	Get quote
50 g	Get quote

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Customer Review

Based on 13 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Lithocholic acid:

13 Publications Citing Use of MCE Lithocholic acid

•Am J Hypertens. 2022 Jul 6. [Abstract]

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Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis. Lithocholic acid is also a FXR antagonist and a PXR/SXR agonist^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5].

IC₅₀ & Target

Microbial Metabolite

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
Caco-2	IC₅₀	56 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity against human Caco2 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human Caco2 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24332653]
CHO	EC₅₀	0.58 μM Compound: 6, LCA	Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay Agonist activity at human TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by luciferase assay	[PMID: 18307294]
CHO	EC₅₀	5.6 μM Compound: LCA	Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in CHO cells by CRE-driven luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 19911773]
COS-1	EC₅₀	20 μM Compound: 6, LCA	Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells by luciferase assay Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells by luciferase assay	[PMID: 18307294]
COS-1	EC₅₀	6.7 μM Compound: LCA	Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay Agonist activity at human FXR expressed in COS1 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 19911773]
DLD-1	IC₅₀	173.1 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity against human DLD1 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human DLD1 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25685308]
Erythrocyte	IC₅₀	0.009 mg/mL Compound: L	Hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes assessed as release of hemoglobin after 60 mins Hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes assessed as release of hemoglobin after 60 mins	[PMID: 24461290]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	81.1 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25685308]
HCT-8	IC₅₀	97.4 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity against human HCT8 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HCT8 cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25685308]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.68 μM Compound: 1, LCA	Agonist activity at human GPBAR1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular cAMP level after 30 mins by cAMP-Glo assay Agonist activity at human GPBAR1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular cAMP level after 30 mins by cAMP-Glo assay	[PMID: 25735208]
HEK-293T	EC₅₀	2.14 μM Compound: LCA	Agonist activity at VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay Agonist activity at VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay	[PMID: 26774929]
HEK-293T	IC₅₀	46.7 μM Compound: LCA	Antagonist activity against VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay Antagonist activity against VP16 tagged-VDR-LBD (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293T cells assessed as inhibition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced SRC1 coactivator peptide recruitment after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter gene based two hybrid assay	[PMID: 26774929]
HepG2	EC₅₀	50 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 4 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 4 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay	[PMID: 27652492]
HepG2	EC₅₀	50 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as induction of cell necrosis incubated for 4 hrs by LDH release assay Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as induction of cell necrosis incubated for 4 hrs by LDH release assay	[PMID: 27652492]
HET-1A	CC₅₀	25 μM Compound: 35, LCA	Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 20713311]
HT-1080	IC₅₀	23 μM Compound: LCA	Cytotoxicity against human HT1080 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HT1080 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 24332653]
HT-29	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
Huh-7	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human Huh-7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human Huh-7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
LoVo	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human LoVo cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human LoVo cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
MGC-803	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human MGC-803 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human MGC-803 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
NCI-H716	EC₅₀	5 μM Compound: LCA	Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in NCI-H716 cells assessed as cAMP level after 60 mins by FRET analysis Agonist activity at TGR5 expressed in NCI-H716 cells assessed as cAMP level after 60 mins by FRET analysis	[PMID: 24900463]
PC-3	IC₅₀	50 μM Compound: 1, LCA	Antagonist activity at EphA2 in human PC3 cells assessed as inhibition of ephrin-A1-Fc-stimulated EphA2 phosphorylation pretreated for 20 mins by sandwich ELISA Antagonist activity at EphA2 in human PC3 cells assessed as inhibition of ephrin-A1-Fc-stimulated EphA2 phosphorylation pretreated for 20 mins by sandwich ELISA	[PMID: 23489211]
RKO	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human RKO cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human RKO cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
SK-HEP1	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human SK-HEP1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human SK-HEP1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]
SW480	IC₅₀	> 200 μM Compound: LCA	Anticancer activity against human SW480 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay Anticancer activity against human SW480 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay	[PMID: 36439975]

In Vitro

Lithocholic acid inhibits CDCA- and GW4064-induced FXR activation with an IC₅₀of 0.7 and 1.4 μM, respectively^[5].
Lithocholic acid (10-30 μM, 24 h) inhibits the 100 nM GW4064 induced BSEP expression in HepG2 cells^[5].
Lithocholic acid (0-500 μM) dose-dependently inhibits the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells (BE(2)-m17, SK-n-SH, SK-n-MCIXC and Lan-1)^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Lithocholic acid (LCA) can be used to induce cholestasis models^[6]^[7].

Induction of cholestasis_[6]_[7]

Background

LCA has certain toxicity to hepatocytes, which can change bile secretion through its osmotic effect and cause cholestasis by changing the cell membrane components of hepatocytes that are rich in bile duct membranes.

Specific Mmodeling Methods

Rat: Wistar • male • 250 ~ 300 g (period: 1 h)
Administration: 0.2 μmol/100 g • iv • killed after 1 h
Mice: ICR • male • 5-7-week-old (period: 3 days)
Administration: 150 mg/kg • po • 2 times a day for 5 times

Note

(1) LCA (i.v.) is taken up in 7.5% bovine serum albumin and 0.45% saline.
(2) LCA (p.o.) is taken up in corn oil. The animals were sacrificed 12 h following the 5th treatment. The blood samples (50 μl) can be collected by tail bleeding at 0, 12, 24 and 36 h following the 1st dose.

Modeling Indicators

Histological changes: There was a significant increase in bile flow shortly after LCA injection, after which bile flow decreased significantly. Pathological changes can be observed in liver tissue, including liver necrosis and diffuse vacuoles.

Correlated Product(s): /

Opposite Product(s): /

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Male mice (C57BL/6)^[4].
Dosage:	0.6% LCA-supplement diet, with the AIN93G diet as a control
Administration:	in diet, for 6 days
Result:	Induced liver injury. Activated TGFβ-SMAD3 signaling. Increased serum ALP activities.

Animal Model:	Male mice (C57BL/6)^[2].
Dosage:	125 mg/kg, dissolved in corn oil
Administration:	i.p., twice a day for four days
Result:	Induced liver injury, generated necrosis and neutrophilic-granulocytic infiltrate (H&E staining). Increased AST, ALT and ALP level.

Molecular Weight

376.57

Formula

C₂₄H₄₀O₃

CAS No.

434-13-9

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

C[C@@]12[C@](CC[C@]2([H])[C@H](C)CCC(O)=O)([H])[C@@]3([H])[C@]([C@@]4([C@](C[C@H](O)CC4)([H])CC3)C)([H])CC1

Structure Classification

Steroids

Initial Source

Microorganisms

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 250 mg/mL (663.89 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Ethanol : 10 mg/mL (26.56 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

H₂O : 0.99 mg/mL (2.63 mM; ultrasonic and warming and adjust pH to 11 with NaOH and heat to 60°C)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	2.6555 mL	13.2777 mL	26.5555 mL
5 mM	0.5311 mL	2.6555 mL	5.3111 mL
10 mM	0.2656 mL	1.3278 mL	2.6555 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.52 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.52 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (2.66 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 4

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (2.66 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 5

Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (2.66 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.99%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (281 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (248 KB) HNMR (260 KB) RP-HPLC (183 KB) MS (80 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Jenkins, D.J., et al., Effect on blood lipids of very high intakes of fiber in diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol. N Engl J Med, 1993. 329(1): p. 21-6. [Content Brief]

[2]. Yang R, et al. Metabolomic analysis of cholestatic liver damage in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Jul 14;120:253-260. [Content Brief]

[3]. Goldberg, A.A., et al., Lithocholic bile acid selectively kills neuroblastoma cells, while sparing normal neuronal cells. Oncotarget, 2011. 2(10): p. 761-82. [Content Brief]

[4]. Matsubara, T., et al., TGF-beta-SMAD3 signaling mediates hepatic bile acid and phospholipid metabolism following lithocholic acid-induced liver injury. J Lipid Res, 2012. 53(12): p. 2698-707. [Content Brief]

[5]. Yu J, et al. Lithocholic acid decreases expression of bile salt export pump through farnesoid X receptor antagonist activity. J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 30;277(35):31441-7. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O / Ethanol / DMSO	1 mM	2.6555 mL	13.2777 mL	26.5555 mL	66.3887 mL
Ethanol / DMSO	5 mM	0.5311 mL	2.6555 mL	5.3111 mL	13.2777 mL
	10 mM	0.2656 mL	1.3278 mL	2.6555 mL	6.6389 mL
	15 mM	0.1770 mL	0.8852 mL	1.7704 mL	4.4259 mL
	20 mM	0.1328 mL	0.6639 mL	1.3278 mL	3.3194 mL
	25 mM	0.1062 mL	0.5311 mL	1.0622 mL	2.6555 mL
DMSO	30 mM	0.0885 mL	0.4426 mL	0.8852 mL	2.2130 mL
	40 mM	0.0664 mL	0.3319 mL	0.6639 mL	1.6597 mL
	50 mM	0.0531 mL	0.2656 mL	0.5311 mL	1.3278 mL
	60 mM	0.0443 mL	0.2213 mL	0.4426 mL	1.1065 mL
	80 mM	0.0332 mL	0.1660 mL	0.3319 mL	0.8299 mL
	100 mM	0.0266 mL	0.1328 mL	0.2656 mL	0.6639 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.