2. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. HSP Endogenous Metabolite
  4. Palmitic acid

Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. PA can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells. Palmitic acid is used to establish a cell steatosis model.

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Palmitic acid Chemical Structure

Palmitic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 57-10-3

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Based on 47 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Palmitic acid:

Palmitic acid Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

44 Publications Citing Use of MCE Palmitic acid

WB
IP

    Palmitic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Discov. 2023 Mar 7;9(1):26.  [Abstract]

    Palmitic acid (PA; 20 or 100 μM; 24 h) rescues ACOX1-mediated β-catenin inhibition in HCT15 cells (transfected with Flag-ACOX1 plasmid).

    Palmitic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Discov. 2023 Mar 7;9(1):26.  [Abstract]

    Palmitic acid (PA; 100 μM; 24 h) suppresses the interactions between β-catenin and CK1, GSK3, and β-TrCP in HEK293T cells (transfected with Flag-CK1 and Flag-GSK3β).

    Palmitic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Discov. 2023 Mar 7;9(1):26.  [Abstract]

    Palmitic acid (PA; 50, 100, 200 μM; 24 h) decreases endogenous β-catenin polyubiquitination in a dose-dependent manner, in HEK293T cells.

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    HSP40 HSP70 HSP90 HSP105 HSF1 HSP HSPA5

    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

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    Description

    Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. PA can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells. Palmitic acid is used to establish a cell steatosis model[1][2].

    IC50 & Target

    Microbial Metabolite

     

    Human Endogenous Metabolite

     

    Cellular Effect
    Cell Line Type Value Description References
    A549 IC50
    150 μM
    Compound: 292
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 30917303]
    Huh-7 IC50
    > 25 μg/mL
    Compound: PA
    Antimalarial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium berghei infected in human Huh7 cells assessed as reduction in parasite load treated after 2 hrs of infection for 46 hrs by luciferase assay
    Antimalarial activity against liver stage of Plasmodium berghei infected in human Huh7 cells assessed as reduction in parasite load treated after 2 hrs of infection for 46 hrs by luciferase assay
    		[PMID: 25103602]
    L6 IC50
    > 30 μg/mL
    Compound: PA
    Trypanocidal activity against intracellular amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi Tulahuen C2C4 expressing LacZ gene infected in rat L6 cells after 96 hrs
    Trypanocidal activity against intracellular amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi Tulahuen C2C4 expressing LacZ gene infected in rat L6 cells after 96 hrs
    		[PMID: 20855214]
    L6 IC50
    52.7 μg/mL
    Compound: PA
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by microplate fluorometric analysis
    Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells after 72 hrs by microplate fluorometric analysis
    		[PMID: 20855214]
    MONO-MAC-6 IC50
    178.1 μM
    Compound: Palmitic acid
    Cytostatic activity against human MONO-MAC-6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytostatic activity against human MONO-MAC-6 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 28384546]
    S49 EC50
    500 μM
    Compound: Palmitic acid
    Cytotoxicity against HGPRTase-deficient mouse S49 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by trypan blue exclusion assay
    Cytotoxicity against HGPRTase-deficient mouse S49 cells assessed as growth inhibition after 72 hrs by trypan blue exclusion assay
    		[PMID: 221658]
    In Vitro

    Palmitic acid (0.1, 0.25 or 0.5 mM; 12-72 h) increases the mRNA levels of Notch1, −2 and −4 in LX2, Huh7 and MIHA hepatic cell lines[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Palmitic acid Related Antibodies
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    256.42

    Formula

    C16H32O2
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
    Structure Classification
    Initial Source

    Widespread
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    Store at room temperature 3 years

    In solvent -80°C 2 years
    -20°C 1 year
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 100 mg/mL (389.99 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Ethanol : 12.82 mg/mL (50.00 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 3.8999 mL 19.4993 mL 38.9985 mL
    5 mM 0.7800 mL 3.8999 mL 7.7997 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
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    Concentration
    ×
    Volume
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    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

    ×
    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.75 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% EtOH    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (9.75 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

      This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  15% Cremophor EL    85% Saline

      Solubility: 10 mg/mL (39.00 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.76%

    SDS (393 KB)

    COA (238 KB) HNMR (232 KB) GC (176 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    Ethanol / DMSO 1 mM 3.8999 mL 19.4993 mL 38.9985 mL 97.4963 mL
    5 mM 0.7800 mL 3.8999 mL 7.7997 mL 19.4993 mL
    10 mM 0.3900 mL 1.9499 mL 3.8999 mL 9.7496 mL
    15 mM 0.2600 mL 1.3000 mL 2.5999 mL 6.4998 mL
    20 mM 0.1950 mL 0.9750 mL 1.9499 mL 4.8748 mL
    25 mM 0.1560 mL 0.7800 mL 1.5599 mL 3.8999 mL
    30 mM 0.1300 mL 0.6500 mL 1.3000 mL 3.2499 mL
    40 mM 0.0975 mL 0.4875 mL 0.9750 mL 2.4374 mL
    DMSO 60 mM 0.0650 mL 0.3250 mL 0.6500 mL 1.6249 mL
    80 mM 0.0487 mL 0.2437 mL 0.4875 mL 1.2187 mL
    100 mM 0.0390 mL 0.1950 mL 0.3900 mL 0.9750 mL
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    Palmitic acid Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Palmitic acid57-10-3HSPEndogenous MetaboliteHeat shock proteinsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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