2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0796
    Procyanidin B2
    		99.89%
    Procyanidin B2 is a natural flavonoid, with anti-cancer, antioxidant activities.
    Procyanidin B2
  • HY-18085A
    Quercetin hydrate
    		Inhibitor 98.45%
    Quercetin hydrate, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin hydrate
  • HY-134495
    N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester
    		99.87%
    N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester is an esterified form of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester exhibits enhanced cell permeability, and produce NAC and cysteine. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester increases circulating hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and can be used as an H2S producer. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester has the potential to substitute NAC as a mucolytic agent, and as a GSH-related antioxidant.
    N-Acetyl-L-cysteine ethyl ester
  • HY-N6947
    Lutein
    		Inhibitor
    Lutein (Xanthophyll) is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health. Lutein exerts its biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidase and anti-apoptosis, through effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS). Lutein is able to arrive in the brain and shows antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Lutein is orally active.
    Lutein
  • HY-77591
    Cysteamine hydrochloride
    		99.30%
    Cysteamine hydrochloride (2-Aminoethanethiol hydrochloride) is an orally active agent for the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis and an antioxidant.
    Cysteamine hydrochloride
  • HY-N0662
    Amentoflavone
    		99.66%
    Amentoflavone (Didemethyl-ginkgetin) is a potent and orally active GABA(A) negative modulator. Amentoflavone also shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-viral, anti-tumor, anti-radiation, anti-fungal, antibacterial activity. Amentoflavone induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 phase.
    Amentoflavone
  • HY-126124
    AP39
    AP39 is a triphenylphosphonium derivatised anethole dithiolethione and mitochondria-targeting hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor. AP39 increases intracellular H2S levels. AP39 exerts cytoprotective effects and maintains mitochondrial DNA integrity under oxidative stress conditions. AP39 protects against myocardial reperfusion injury in mice model and has the potential for Alzheimer's disease research.
    AP39
  • HY-17406
    Tolcapone
    		Inducer 99.86%
    Tolcapone (Ro 40-7592) is a selective, potent and orally active COMT inhibitor with an IC50of 773 nM. Tolcapone can inhibits α-syn and Aβ42 oligomerization and fibrillogenesis. Tolcapone can cause oxidative stress and induce cancer cells apoptosis and ROS production. Tolcapone can be used for the researches of cancer and neurological disease, such as Parkinson disease and neuroblastoma.
    Tolcapone
  • HY-131166
    Curdlan
    		Inducer 98.5%
    Curdlan is a polysaccharide found in bacteria, consisting of a glucose homopolymer with β-1,3-glycosidic linkages. Curdlan can be recognized by Dectin-1 (a C-type lectin receptor), inducing immune responses in tissue mast cells and enhancing dendritic cell effects in tumor immunity. Curdlan holds potential for research in cancer and immune-inflammatory diseases.
    Curdlan
  • HY-114544A
    N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone
    		Inducer 99.88%
    N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL) is a bacterial quorum-sensing signaling molecule produced by P. aeruginosa and strains of the B. cepacia complex.Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density.N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone induces the production of IL-8 in 16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells.
    N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone
  • HY-W016562
    Hippuric acid
    		Activator 99.98%
    Hippuric Acid is an orally active metabolite. Hippuric Acid can be produced by intestinal microorganisms from the metabolism of polyphenols, benzoic acid. Hippuric Acid decreases NRF2, MMP9 and leads to ROS accumulation. Hippuric Acid activates TGFβ/SMAD signaling. Hippuric Acid improves hyperuricemia and colitis. Hippuric Acid can also be used in cardiovascular disease research. .
    Hippuric acid
  • HY-107999
    CADD522
    		Agonist 98.23%
    CADD522 is a RUNX2-DNA binding inhibitor (downregulates RUNX2-mediated transcription of downstream target genes), with an IC50 of 10 nM. CADD522 inhibits primary tumor growth and experimental metastasis of tumor cells in the lungs of immune-compromised mice. CADD522 can be used in study of cancer.
    CADD522
  • HY-D0720
    Lucigenin
    		99.12%
    Lucigenin is a chemiluminescence probe. Lucigenin can be used to detect the production of endogenous superoxide anion radical (O2-). Lucigenin is extremely sensitive to chloride ions, while it combined with chloride ions, the fluorescence will be quenched. Lucigenin also can be used as a chloride indicator. Ex/Em=455/505 nm.
    Lucigenin
  • HY-N1913
    Danshensu
    		Inhibitor 98.59%
    Danshensu (Dan shen suan A), an orally active phenolic compound, can induce Nrf2/HO-1 activation and inhibition of NF-κB pathway. Danshensu reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, upregulates antioxidant defense mechanism and inhibits intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Danshensu displays a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 of 0.97 μM. Danshensu has anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-lung inflammatory and has the potential for COVID-19, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases research.
    Danshensu
  • HY-125859
    Peroxidase, Horseradish
    Peroxidase, Horseradish actively involves in oxidizing reactive oxygen species, innate immunity, hormone biosynthesis and pathogenesis of several diseases.
    Peroxidase, Horseradish
  • HY-D1713
    CM-H2DCFDA
    CM-H2DCFDA is a derivative of H2DCFDA (HY-D0940). CM-H2DCFDA can be used to determine cellular oxidant levels (Ex/Em: 495/530 nm). CM-H2DCFDA is light-sensitive.
    CM-H2DCFDA
  • HY-Y0836
    Diethyl succinate
    		99.98%
    Diethyl succinate (Diethyl Butanedioate) can be utilized at physiological pH, allowing it to penetrate biological membranes and integrate into the cells of tissue cultures, where it is metabolized via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Diethyl succinate modulates the polarization and activation of microglial cells by reducing mitochondrial fission and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby exerting an inflammatory protective effect in primary microglial cells. Furthermore, Diethyl succinate is non-toxic and can be used in flavorings and seasonings.
    Diethyl succinate
  • HY-100006
    MRT68921
    		Inducer 99.71%
    MRT68921 is a potent NUAK1/ULK1 dual inhibitor. MRT68921 inhibits ULK1 and ULK2 with IC50 values of 2.9 nM and 1.1 nM, respectively. MRT68921 can block cells autophagy and kill tumor cells by breaking the balance of oxidative stress signals. MRT68921 can inhibit cell proliferation and induce ROS production and apoptosis. MRT68921 can be used for the research of cancer, such as breast cancer.
    MRT68921
  • HY-111278
    Pyocyanin
    		Activator 99.23%
    Pyocyanin (Pyocyanine) is a toxic, quorum sensing (QS) controlled metabolite produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyocyanin is a REDOX active compound that promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pyocyanin has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity.
    Pyocyanin
  • HY-111431
    p-Cresyl sulfate
    		Inducer 99.87%
    p-Cresyl sulfate (p-Tolyl sulfate) is a uremic toxin, that can cause renal damage and dysfunction. p-Cresyl sulfate shows antiproliferation activity. p-Cresyl sulfate increases the protein expression of HIF-1α and VHL, decreases the protein expression of HIF-2α. p-Cresyl sulfate induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). p-Cresyl sulfate activates the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
    p-Cresyl sulfate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity