1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  3. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-14771A
    Imeglimin hydrochloride
    Inhibitor 99.98%
    Imeglimin hydrochloride (EMD 387008) is an oral glucose-lowering agent. Imeglimin also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increases mitochondrial DNA and improves mitochondrial function.
    Imeglimin hydrochloride
  • HY-B0739
    Citicoline
    Inhibitor 99.59%
    Citicoline is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a component of cell membranes. Citicoline inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Citicoline can be used for neurological disease and hearing loss study.
    Citicoline
  • HY-19357
    Erenapurstat
    Inducer 99.67%
    Erenapursta (E3330) is a direct, orally active and selective inhibitor of Ape-1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1)/Ref-1 (redox factor-1) redox. Erenapursta is able to impair tumor growth and blocks the activity of NF-κB, AP-1, and HIF-1α in pancreatic cancer. Erenapursta shows anticancer activities.
    Erenapurstat
  • HY-119412
    Biliatresone
    Inhibitor 99.48%
    Biliatresone is a natural toxin isolated from Dysphania glomulifera and D. littoralis. Biliatresone, a 1,2-diaryl-2-propenone class of isoflavonoid, produces extrahepatic biliary atresia in a zebrafish model.
    Biliatresone
  • HY-136386
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine
    Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group, but cannot enter the glutathione metabolic pathway.
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine
  • HY-Y0525
    AAPH
    Activator ≥98.0%
    AAPH (2,2'-Azodiisobutyramidine dihydrochloride) has an effect of radical generation. AAPH induces oxidative stress and erythrocyte hemolysis. AAPH decomposes at 37℃ to generate an alkyl radical, is used as an initiator. In the presence of oxygen, these alkyl radicals will be converted to peroxyl radicals that can cause lipid peroxidation and loss of erythrocyte membrane integrity, which could ultimately lead to hemolysis.
    AAPH
  • HY-P0119
    Lixisenatide
    Inhibitor 99.93%
    Lixisenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Lixisenatide inhibits the inflammatory response through down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppresses of the Akt-MEK1/2 signaling pathway. Lixisenatide can inhibit oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Lixisenatide can be used for the researches of inflammation, metabolic disease, neurological disease and cardiovascular disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis.
    Lixisenatide
  • HY-P2755A
    Xanthine oxidase, bovine milk
    Inducer
    Xanthine oxidase, bovine milk is a xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and further catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid.
    Xanthine oxidase, bovine milk
  • HY-N1428C
    Ferric citrate
    Activator 98.0%
    Ferric citrate (Iron(III) citrate), an orally active iron supplement, is an efficacious phosphate binder. Ferric citratee can be used for iron deficiency anemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) research.
    Ferric citrate
  • HY-N0361
    Dihydrocapsaicin
    Inhibitor 99.93%
    Dihydrocapsaicin, a capsaicin, is a potent and selective TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1) agonist. Dihydrocapsaicin reduces AIF, Bax, and Caspase-3 expressions, and increased Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Akt levels. Dihydrocapsaicin enhances the hypothermia-induced neuroprotection following ischemic stroke via PI3K/Akt regulation in rat.
    Dihydrocapsaicin
  • HY-117235
    Diallyl Trisulfide
    Activator 99.9%
    Diallyl Trisulfide is an orally active anticancer agent that can be isolated from garlic. Diallyl Trisulfide has the ability to induce apoptosis and exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Diallyl Trisulfide can be used to study a variety of cancers, including liver, colon and prostate cancer.
    Diallyl Trisulfide
  • HY-137383
    Sulfo-SANPAH
    99.75%
    Sulfo-SANPAH is a primary amine-nitrobenzene azide cross-linker. Sulfo-SANPAH is widely used to crosslink ECM proteins to various substrates, including acrylic-based hydrogels, such as polyacrylamide hydrogels. Sulfo-SANPAH facilitates covalent binding through its negatively charged sulfonate group on its N-hydroxysuccinimide ester ring and a photoactivated phenyl azide group that is highly reactive with nucleophiles and free radicals.
    Sulfo-SANPAH
  • HY-N0768
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside
    99.95%
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.
    Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside
  • HY-N0089
    Schisandrin B
    99.94%
    Schisandrin B (γ-Schisandrin) is a biphenylcyclooctadiene derivative isolated from Schisandra chinensis and has been shown to have antioxidant effects on the liver and heart of rodents.
    Schisandrin B
  • HY-P1934
    Cyclo(Phe-Pro)
    Inhibitor 98.77%
    Cyclo(Phe-Pro) (Cyclo(phenylalanylprolyl)) is a quorum-sensing molecule of Vibrio vulnificus that specifically interacts with RIG-I, inhibiting RIG-I polyubiquitination, suppressing IRF-3 activation, and reducing type I interferon production. Cyclo(Phe-Pro) enhances susceptibility to HCV and influenza virus and also alleviates plant aluminum toxicity stress. The mechanism of Cyclo(Phe-Pro) involves the regulation of host immune signaling pathways, bacterial virulence gene expression, and plant antioxidant systems, making it a promising candidate for research in viral infections, bacterial virulence regulation, and agricultural stress resistance.
    Cyclo(Phe-Pro)
  • HY-109804
    CORM-401
    Inhibitor 99.18%
    CORM-401 is an oxidant-sensitive CO-releasing molecule. CORM-401 induces NO increase in the regulation of endothelial calcium signalling. CORM-401 reduces TNF-α/CHX and H2O2-induced ROS production. CORM-401 uncouples mitochondrial respiration and inhibits glycolysis.
    CORM-401
  • HY-W041892
    Dimethyl itaconate
    Inducer 99.44%
    Dimethyl itaconate induces innate immune memory (trained immunity), and exhibits immunomodulatory property. Dimethyl itaconate inhibits the activation of microglia, reduces the neuroinflammation and synaptic structural damage. Dimethyl itaconate regulates the composition of intestinal flora.
    Dimethyl itaconate
  • HY-N0681
    D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt
    Inhibitor 99.80%
    D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt is an orally active vitamin that reduces patulin in apple juice. D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt removes ROS. D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt has antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt also has the effect of improving osteoporosis and obesity.
    D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt
  • HY-N1502
    Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium
    Activator 99.97%
    Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium is a diterpenoid. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium can be isolated from plants of the genus Xanthium. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium is an ADP/ATP carrier inhibitor, inhibiting mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium promotes ROS production, induces Ca2+ release, and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium induces lethargy, weakness, and epileptic seizures in rats.
    Carboxyatractyloside tripotassium
  • HY-W009732
    Sinapinic acid
    99.94%
    Sinapinic acid (Sinapic acid) is a phenolic compound isolated from Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. Rhizome, acts as an inhibitor of HDAC, with an IC50 of 2.27 mM, and also inhibits ACE-I activity. Sinapinic acid posssess potent anti-tumor activity, induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Sinapinic acid shows antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Sinapinic acid reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HOMA-IR index, and also normalizes some serum parameters of antioxidative abilities and oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats.
    Sinapinic acid
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity