2. Apoptosis NF-κB Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Immunology/Inflammation Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor Cell Cycle/DNA Damage PI3K/Akt/mTOR Stem Cell/Wnt Neuronal Signaling MAPK/ERK Pathway GPCR/G Protein TGF-beta/Smad
  3. Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species PPAR GSK-3 Tau Protein Ras TGF-β Receptor
  4. Levistolide A

Levistolide A is an apoptosis inducer and a PEDV virus inhibitor. Levistolide A can induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells and suppress the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) by promoting ROS generation. Levistolide A activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in N2a/APP695swe cells and reduces excessive phosphorylation of tau through the GSK3α/β pathway, improving symptoms in Alzheimer’s mice. Levistolide A improves kidney damage in 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) mice by inhibiting the RAS,TGF-β1/Smad, and MAPK pathways.

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Levistolide A Chemical Structure

Levistolide A Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 88182-33-6

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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Levistolide A Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

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PPARα PPARβ/δ PPARγ PPAR PPARδ

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GSK-3 GSK-3α GSK-3β

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K-Ras H-Ras N-Ras Ras

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ALK1 ALK2 ALK3 ALK4 ALK5 ALK6 ALK7 TGFβR2 ACVR2A ACVR2B

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Description

Levistolide A is an apoptosis inducer and a PEDV virus inhibitor. Levistolide A can induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells and suppress the replication of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) by promoting ROS generation. Levistolide A activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in N2a/APP695swe cells and reduces excessive phosphorylation of tau through the GSK3α/β pathway, improving symptoms in Alzheimer’s mice. Levistolide A improves kidney damage in 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) mice by inhibiting the RAS,TGF-β1/Smad, and MAPK pathways[1][2][3][4].
In Vitro

Levistolide A (50, 100 μM; 24 h) induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells by promoting ROS generation and mediating the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway[1].
Levistolide A (1.1, 3.3, 10 μg/mL) activates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in N2a/APP695swe cells and reduces tau hyperphosphorylation through the GSK3 α/β pathway, thereby reducing the production and aggregation of β - amyloid protein (A β)[2].
Levistolide A (20-80 μM; 36 h) can inhibit the replication of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) by inducing ROS generation[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Levistolide A Related Antibodies

Apoptosis Analysis[1].

Cell Line: HCT116 human colon cancer cells
Concentration: 50, 100 μM
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.

Western Blot Analysis[2].

Cell Line: N2a/APP695swe cells
Concentration: 1.1, 3.3, 10 μg/mL
Incubation Time:
Result: Promoted the protein expression of PPAR γ in cells.

RT-PCR[3].

Cell Line: Vero cells
Concentration: 20-80 μM
Incubation Time: 36 h
Result: Inhibited the generation of PEDV RNA.
In Vivo

Levistolide A (2 mg/kg; once every two days; i.p.) can improve memory deficits and cognitive abilities in Alzheimer's disease mice, and reduce inflammatory responses in the brain[2].
Levistolide A (0.5-2 mg/kg; once every two days; 4 weeks; i.p.) improves renal fibrosis and injury in 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) mice by inhibiting the expression of key molecules in the RAS, TGF - β 1/Smad, and MAPK pathways[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) transgenic (Tg) mouse model[2].
Dosage: 2 mg/kg
Administration: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.); once every two days
Result: Improved memory impairment and cognitive decline in APP/PS1 Tg mice, and reduced the generation of A β and inflammatory response in the mouse brain.
Animal Model: 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) mice [4].
Dosage: 0.5-2 mg/kg
Administration: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.); once every two days; 4 weeks
Result: Inhibited expression levels of renin and Ang II, inflammation and oxidative stress and improved renal fibrosis.
Molecular Weight

380.48

Formula

C24H28O4
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O/C([C@@]1(CC2)[C@]34[H])=C\CCC)C1=C[C@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CCC5=C4C(O/C5=C\CCC)=O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (262.83 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.6283 mL 13.1413 mL 26.2826 mL
5 mM 0.5257 mL 2.6283 mL 5.2565 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (6.57 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% Corn Oil

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.57 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  0.5% CMC/saline water

    Solubility: 3.33 mg/mL (8.75 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.26%

SDS (392 KB)

COA (257 KB) HNMR (286 KB) RP-HPLC (243 KB) MS (69 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 2.6283 mL 13.1413 mL 26.2826 mL 65.7065 mL
5 mM 0.5257 mL 2.6283 mL 5.2565 mL 13.1413 mL
10 mM 0.2628 mL 1.3141 mL 2.6283 mL 6.5706 mL
15 mM 0.1752 mL 0.8761 mL 1.7522 mL 4.3804 mL
20 mM 0.1314 mL 0.6571 mL 1.3141 mL 3.2853 mL
25 mM 0.1051 mL 0.5257 mL 1.0513 mL 2.6283 mL
30 mM 0.0876 mL 0.4380 mL 0.8761 mL 2.1902 mL
40 mM 0.0657 mL 0.3285 mL 0.6571 mL 1.6427 mL
50 mM 0.0526 mL 0.2628 mL 0.5257 mL 1.3141 mL
60 mM 0.0438 mL 0.2190 mL 0.4380 mL 1.0951 mL
80 mM 0.0329 mL 0.1643 mL 0.3285 mL 0.8213 mL
100 mM 0.0263 mL 0.1314 mL 0.2628 mL 0.6571 mL
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Levistolide A Related Classifications

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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Levistolide A88182-33-6ApoptosisReactive Oxygen SpeciesPPARGSK-3Tau ProteinRasTGF-β ReceptorPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptorsGlycogen synthase kinase-3Glycogen synthase kinase 3Transforming growth factor beta receptorsPEDVROSPPARγAlzheimer's diseaserenal injuryInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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