1. GPCR/G Protein Neuronal Signaling Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  2. mAChR Endogenous Metabolite
  3. Choline bitartrate

Choline bitartrate is a vitamin-like essential nutrient, can affect diseases such as liver disease, atherosclerosis and neurological disorders. Choline bitartrate is a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

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Choline bitartrate Chemical Structure

Choline bitartrate Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 87-67-2

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Based on 2 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Choline bitartrate:

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Description

Choline bitartrate is a vitamin-like essential nutrient, can affect diseases such as liver disease, atherosclerosis and neurological disorders[1][2]. Choline bitartrate is a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism[3].

IC50 & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

In Vitro

Choline serves as a precursor component to two major cell membrane components: phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in vitro[3].
Choline is also a major source for methyl groups via its metabolite, betaine, which participates in S-adenosylmethionine synthesis pathways[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Choline bitartrate (oral gavage; 300 mg/kg vs. 5 g/kg) is administrated. Choline restriction (300 mg/kg) provokes robust ketosis and weight loss in mice, also causes significant hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and cellular injury. when Choline is repleted, moderate ketosis and hepatic fat accumulation can be attenuated[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

253.25

Formula

C9H19NO7

CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

OCC[N+](C)(C)C.O=C(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O

Structure Classification
Initial Source

human milk

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 120 mg/mL (473.84 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 55 mg/mL (217.18 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.9487 mL 19.7433 mL 39.4867 mL
5 mM 0.7897 mL 3.9487 mL 7.8973 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
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Volume
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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (10.86 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (10.86 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 100 mg/mL (394.87 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO / H2O 1 mM 3.9487 mL 19.7433 mL 39.4867 mL 98.7167 mL
5 mM 0.7897 mL 3.9487 mL 7.8973 mL 19.7433 mL
10 mM 0.3949 mL 1.9743 mL 3.9487 mL 9.8717 mL
15 mM 0.2632 mL 1.3162 mL 2.6324 mL 6.5811 mL
20 mM 0.1974 mL 0.9872 mL 1.9743 mL 4.9358 mL
25 mM 0.1579 mL 0.7897 mL 1.5795 mL 3.9487 mL
30 mM 0.1316 mL 0.6581 mL 1.3162 mL 3.2906 mL
40 mM 0.0987 mL 0.4936 mL 0.9872 mL 2.4679 mL
50 mM 0.0790 mL 0.3949 mL 0.7897 mL 1.9743 mL
60 mM 0.0658 mL 0.3291 mL 0.6581 mL 1.6453 mL
80 mM 0.0494 mL 0.2468 mL 0.4936 mL 1.2340 mL
100 mM 0.0395 mL 0.1974 mL 0.3949 mL 0.9872 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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Choline bitartrate
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