2. Anti-infection
  3. SARS-CoV
  4. Silymarin

Silymarin is an extract of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Silymarin is an effective SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitor. Silymarin can significantly reduce tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis as well as insulin resistance. Silymarin has the chemopreventive effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Silymarin has the potential for COVID-19 research.

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Silymarin Chemical Structure

Silymarin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 65666-07-1

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Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Silymarin Related Antibodies

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Description

Silymarin is an extract of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Silymarin is an effective SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitor. Silymarin can significantly reduce tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis as well as insulin resistance. Silymarin has the chemopreventive effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Silymarin has the potential for COVID-19 research[1][2][4].

In Vitro

Silymarin (0-120 μg/ml; 24 hours) inhibits AGS cell viability, the viability of AGS cells is 77.9% in the presence of 20 μg/ml silymarin, 71.5% at 40 μg/ml, 59.8% at 60 μg/ml, 44.5% at 80 μg/ml, 35.3% at 100 μg/ml and 33.9% at 120 μg/ml[1].
Silymarin (40-80 μg/ml; 24 hours) inhibits the migration of the AGS cells in a concentration-dependent manner. It inhibit migration of AGS cells 59.4% at 40 μg/ml and 21.7% at 80 μg/ml,respectively[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Silymarin Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[2]

Cell Line: AGS cells
Concentration: 20 µg/ml, 40 µg/ml, 80 µg/ml, 100 µg/ml and 120 µg/ml
Incubation Time: 24 hours
Result: Indicated a significant concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on AGS cells starting at 20 µg/ml.
In Vivo

Silymarin (oral gavage; 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) decreases the immobility time in a dose-dependent manner in forced swimming test (FST). It also lowers the immobility measure dose-dependently in tail suspension test (TST). Additionally, 50% of maximum response (ED50) of Silymarin is around 10 mg/kg. The dose 100 mg/kg proved the most effective dose in both the tests[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Clinical Trial
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Light yellow to yellow

SMILES

[Silymarin]
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

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  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 3 mg/mL; Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 3 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (30.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  0.5% CMC-Na/saline water

    Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL; Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: ≥80.0%

SDS (251 KB)

COA (244 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
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Silymarin Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Silymarin65666-07-1SARS-CoVSARS coronavirusMilkthistleproliferationangiogenesisinsulinresistancechemopreventive hepatocellularcarcinomaHCCInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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