2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Anti-infection
  3. Cathepsin SARS-CoV
  4. Aloxistatin

Aloxistatin  (Synonyms: E64d; E64c ethyl ester)

Cat. No.: HY-100229 Purity: 99.55%
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Aloxistatin (E64d) is a cell-permeable and irreversible broad-spectrum cysteine protease inhibitor. Aloxistatin (E64d) exhibits entry-blocking effect for MERS-CoV.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Aloxistatin Chemical Structure

Aloxistatin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 88321-09-9

Size Price Stock Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 USD 110 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 110 In-stock
Solid
1 mg USD 47 In-stock
5 mg USD 100 In-stock
10 mg USD 150 In-stock
25 mg USD 250 In-stock
50 mg USD 450 In-stock
100 mg USD 750 In-stock
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Based on 58 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Aloxistatin Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

57 Publications Citing Use of MCE Aloxistatin

WB

    Aloxistatin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2018 Oct 1;356:159-171.  [Abstract]

    Western blot analysis of PARP and cleaved PARP levels MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells pre-treated with inhibitors of lysosomal hydrolases (Aloxistatin, 5 μM) for 1 h, followed by a 24-h treatment with Alan (20 μM).

    View All Cathepsin Isoform Specific Products:

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    Cathepsin B Cathepsin C Cathepsin D Cathepsin E Cathepsin K Cathepsin L Cathepsin S

    • Biological Activity

    • Protocol

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    Aloxistatin (E64d) is a cell-permeable and irreversible broad-spectrum cysteine protease inhibitor. Aloxistatin (E64d) exhibits entry-blocking effect for MERS-CoV.

    IC50 & Target

    Cysteine protease[1]
    In Vitro

    Inhibition of protease-resistant prion protein (PrP-res) accumulation in ScNB cells by cysteine protease inhibitor Aloxistatin (E64d) with IC50 of 0.5±0.11 μM. For the cell surface PrP-sen detection, PrP-sen is immunoprecipitated from media treated with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC) to release pulse-35S-labeled PrP-sen from the cell surface. Aloxistatin is maintained at 15 μM, respectively, in the labeling media of all but the control cells [1]. Aloxistatin (E64d) (which specifically blocks cysteine proteases, but not serine proteases such as granzymes) is able to completely block turnover of the CatL substrate Z-Phe-Arg-aminomethylcoumarin, when pre-incubated with NK-92 or YT 5 cells[2]. Aloxistatin (E64d) is a broad-spectrum cell-permeable inhibitor of cysteine proteases[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Aloxistatin Related Antibodies
    In Vivo

    Oral administration of Aloxistatin (E64d) to guinea pigs results in a dose-dependent reduction in brain, CSF and plasma Aβ(40) and Aβ(42). Aloxistatin also causes a biphasic dose-dependent reduction in brain CTFβ. Aloxistatin causes a dose-dependent increase in brain sAβPPα. The mean sAβPPα levels are significantly higher than the no dose group for Aloxistatin doses of 5 mg/kg/day or greater with the highest Aloxistatin dose resulting in the maximum increase in sAβPPα of about 54% more than the control group. Similar to the Aβ effect, oral Aloxistatin administration produces a biphasic dose-dependent reduction in brain cathepsin B activity. The minimum effective dose is about 1 mg/kg/day with the highest Aloxistatin dose causing the maximum reduction in brain cathepsin B activity of about 91% lower than that of the control group. Thus, Aloxistatin reduces guinea pig brain cathepsin B activity in a manner which is consistent with the compound inhibiting cathepsin B β-secretase activity[4]. Aloxistatin (E64d) inhibits the increases in the expression of AT1AR and ACE genes in rats. Administration of RNH-6270 or Aloxistatin reduces the increase in the superoxide production of the intramyocardial coronary arteries in HF rats[5].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Molecular Weight

    342.43

    Formula

    C17H30N2O5
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    O=C([C@H]1O[C@@H]1C(N[C@H](C(NCCC(C)C)=O)CC(C)C)=O)OCC
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 2 years
    -20°C 1 year
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 125 mg/mL (365.04 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Ethanol : ≥ 33.33 mg/mL (97.33 mM)

    *"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 2.9203 mL 14.6015 mL 29.2030 mL
    5 mM 0.5841 mL 2.9203 mL 5.8406 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

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    Volume (start)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% EtOH    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% EtOH    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.55%

    COA (244 KB) HNMR (223 KB) LCMS (119 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References
    Cell Assay
    [3]

    Cell proliferation and apoptosis are assessed by staining for a proliferation marker, Ki67, or an apoptotic marker, cleaved caspase 3, following the protocol described above for the polarity markers. MCF10 variants are grown in 3D rBM overlay cultures for 4 days and are treated with 0.1 % DMSO, 5 μM CA074Me or 5 μM Aloxistatin. The percentage of structures that are positive for Ki67 or cleaved caspase 3 is determined by counting a total of 100 structures on two separate coverslips with a Zeiss Axiophot epifluorescent microscope. Structures are considered Ki67 positive if they contained at least one cell staining for Ki67. Structures are considered to be caspase 3 positive if they contained at least one cell that is positive for cleaved caspase 3 and the positive cell(s) is not localized in the center of a developing lumen[3].

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    Animal Administration
    [4][5]

    Mice and Pigs[4]
    Guinea Pigs (male, Hartley strain, average weight 400 g corresponding to animals about 6 weeks old) are used. Male transgenic mice expressing human AβPP containing the wt β-secretase site and the London mutant β-secretase site sequences are used. Delivering a drug by gavage offers the advantage of accurate dosing but is traumatic and thus only suitable for relatively short dosing periods (up to about a week). Delivery by gavage is used for the guinea pig studies. Aloxistatin is suspended in Me2SO at the indicated concentrations (0.1, 1.0, 5, and 10 mg/kg) and administered by gavage daily using a feeding tube. Vehicle control animals are treated by gavage of Me2SO alone.
    Rats[5]
    Male inbred DS rats are used. Weaned rats are fed laboratory chow containing 0.3% NaCl until 7 weeks of age. DS rats fed an 8% NaCl diet after 7 weeks manifest compensated concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy secondary to hypertension at 12 weeks and a distinct stage of fatal LV failure with lung congestion at 19 weeks. DS rats are therefore fed an 8% NaCl diet from 7 weeks of age and are randomized to an HF group, an Aloxistatin group (10 mg per kg of body mass per day, administered intraperitoneally every other day), or an RNH-6270 group (3 mg/kg per day in chow) from 12 to 19 weeks of age (n=10 for each group). The doses of RNH-6270 (an ARB) and Aloxistatin are determined in preliminary experiments and previous studies. DS rats maintained on the 0.3% NaCl diet served as age-matched controls (control group, n=10). At 19 weeks of age, all of the rats are euthanized by an intraperitoneal overdose of NSC 10816 (50 mg/kg), and the hearts are removed for biological and histological analyses. Arterial blood is collected from the abdominal aorta for the measurement of renin activity. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate are measured in conscious rats from 7 weeks of age, every week, using a noninvasive tail-cuff method. In separate experiments, 12-week-old DS rats, fed a low-salt diet from 7 weeks of age, are given vehicle, RNH-6270, or Aloxistatin in the same manner as in the above experiments (n=5 for each group), and the LV tissues for measuring targeting mRNAs and protein levels are immediately placed in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C.

    MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    Ethanol / DMSO 1 mM 2.9203 mL 14.6015 mL 29.2030 mL 73.0076 mL
    5 mM 0.5841 mL 2.9203 mL 5.8406 mL 14.6015 mL
    10 mM 0.2920 mL 1.4602 mL 2.9203 mL 7.3008 mL
    15 mM 0.1947 mL 0.9734 mL 1.9469 mL 4.8672 mL
    20 mM 0.1460 mL 0.7301 mL 1.4602 mL 3.6504 mL
    25 mM 0.1168 mL 0.5841 mL 1.1681 mL 2.9203 mL
    30 mM 0.0973 mL 0.4867 mL 0.9734 mL 2.4336 mL
    40 mM 0.0730 mL 0.3650 mL 0.7301 mL 1.8252 mL
    50 mM 0.0584 mL 0.2920 mL 0.5841 mL 1.4602 mL
    60 mM 0.0487 mL 0.2434 mL 0.4867 mL 1.2168 mL
    80 mM 0.0365 mL 0.1825 mL 0.3650 mL 0.9126 mL
    DMSO 100 mM 0.0292 mL 0.1460 mL 0.2920 mL 0.7301 mL
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    Aloxistatin Related Classifications

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    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Aloxistatin88321-09-9E64d E64c ethyl esterCathepsinSARS-CoVSARS coronavirusInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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