MPTP hydrochloride

Name: MPTP hydrochloride
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-15608
Rating: 5.0 (51 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-15608 Purity: 99.52%: FAQs
Data Sheet
SDS

COA
Handling Instructions Technical Support

MPTP hydrochloride is a brain penetrant dopamine neurotoxin. MPTP hydrochloride can be used to induces Parkinson’s Disease model. MPTP hydrochloride, a precusor of MPP⁺, induces apoptosis. MPTP hydrochloride has been verified by MCE with professional biological experiments.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

MPTP hydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 23007-85-4

Size	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
5 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
10 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
25 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
200 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
500 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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Customer Review

Based on 51 publication(s) in Google Scholar

47 Publications Citing Use of MCE MPTP hydrochloride

IHC

: MPTP hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Brain Res. 2019 Jul 15;1715:203-212. [Abstract]; Immunofluorescence for TH. The intranigral Apelin-13 injection significantly inhibits MPTP-induced the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc.

: MPTP hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2019 Feb;177:1-11. [Abstract]; Effect of treatment with Rapamycin, trehalose, or their combination on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the striatum in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease.

: MPTP hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2019 Feb;177:1-11. [Abstract]; Effect of treatment with Rapamycin, trehalose, or their combination on autophagy activity measured by quantified immunoreactivity of LC3-II in the s. nigra. MPTP is administered at the dose of 20 mg/kg (i.p., daily) for 4 days to induce PD-like pathology.

: MPTP hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Brain Res. 2016 Jul 1;1642:546-552. [Abstract]; RNA 5hmC decreases in a MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model. MPTP (i.p. 60 mg/kg) is injected to induce Parkinson's disease model in mice. At 24 h after last MPTP injection, open field test is performed. After behavioral tests, the hippocampus (Hipo), the substantia nigra (SN), the striatum (Str), and the cortex (Ctx) are collected and total RNA is extracted. Total 100 ng RNA is used for dot blot analysis to detect 5hmC abundance in RNA samples from different brain regions. Methylene bl

MCE Biological Validation

IHC Staining

: Tyrosine hydroxylase staining (striatum) in acute MPTP hydrochloride (HY-15608) experimental mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). 12-week old C57BL/6N mice received MPTP injections (i.p., every 2 h, a total of 4 doses in 1 day). Mice were sacrificed at indicated time points following the last MPTP injection.

: Tyrosine hydroxylase staining (Substantia nigra) in acute MPTP hydrochloride (HY-15608) experimental mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). 12-week old C57BL/6N mice received MPTP injections (i.p., every 2 h, a total of 4 doses in 1 day). Mice were sacrificed at indicated time points following the last MPTP injection.

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Biological Activity
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

MPTP hydrochloride is a brain penetrant dopamine neurotoxin. MPTP hydrochloride can be used to induces Parkinson’s Disease model. MPTP hydrochloride, a precusor of MPP⁺, induces apoptosis^[1]^[2]^[3]. MPTP hydrochloride has been verified by MCE with professional biological experiments.

In Vitro

Pretreatment with 50 mM 4-phenylpyridine, reduces IC₅₀ (concentration for 50% inhibition of twitch amplitude) values of MPTP from 53 to 18 mM and d-tubocurarine from 0.7 to 0.3 mM, respectively, in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

MPTP hydrochloride can be used in animal modeling to create Parkinson's disease models. MPTP replicates naturally occurring neurodegeneration and is useful for studying dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. After injection, MPTP is rapidly metabolized to MPP+, which has a serum half-life of approximately 6 days in sheep.

Induction of Parkinsonism model^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Background

MPTP is free to cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain, where it is metabolized by monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in astrocytes into MPP+, its active & toxic form. MPP+ is taken up by dopamine neurons via a dopamine transporter (DAT), blocking Complex I in the electron transport chain of mitochondria, triggering oxidative stress and mitochondrial breakdown, and finally leading to neuron apoptosis. In Parkinson's disease, it is the loss of neurons in the substantia nigra, the dopamine-producing part of the substantia nigrostriatum system, that causes the disease. Due to the toxic effects of MPTP, it will cause the death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, causing symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease.

Specific Mmodeling Methods

Mice: C57BL/6 • male • 8-12 week-old (period: 2 weeks), older mice may be more sensitive
Administration:
Acute model: 14-20 mg/kg • ip • 4 times a day, two hours apart
Sub-acute model: 20-30 mg/kg • ip • once daily for 5 days

Note

1. MPTP Hcl is dissolved in normal saline and configured when used.
2. After administration, we can observe whether the mice have symptoms such as reduced activity, staggering walking, twitching, fried hair, increased urination, etc. This behavior may last for 24-48 hours, after which the mice behave basically normally.
3. MPTP is usually sold as MPTP hydrochloride. The molecular weight of MPTP hydrochloride is 209.7. Therefore, it is recommended to take into account the presence of hydrochloride (HCl) when preparing injectable solutions. HCl has a molecular weight of 35.4 and accounts for 17% of MPTP. Thus, if a 20 mg/kg dose of MPTP is to be prepared, the MPTP hydrochloride dose administered is 20 mg kg* 1.17% = 23.4 mg/kg.
4. If multiple injections are given within 1 day, it is best to alternate the injections on both sides. If injected every day, it should be done at the same time. Before each injection, the mice need to be weighed and the dosage volume should be adjusted.
5. Modeling mice may not show behavioral defects of Parkinson's disease. Mice may show individual differences, and the success rate of modeling is generally difficult to reach 100%. Therefore nigrostriatal damage associated with gliosis should be mainly monitored in MPTP mouse studies.
6. High drug dosage/mice weighing less than 22 g/mixing of drugs from different batches/mice not adapting in advance/animal room being too cold may result in a number of deaths. It is recommended that the number of animals in each group be increased, and adjust to the optimal dose according to experimental conditions.

Modeling Indicators

Nigrostriatal injury: Tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra and striatum is reduced after successful modeling (IHC, IF, WB, etc.);
Other markers: reduction of brain neurotransmitters (DA, DOPAC, 5-HT, HVA, etc.) (detected by HPLC);
Nigrostriatal microglia (IBA1+ cells) and astrocytes (GFAP+ cells) are activated, and the number of α-syn aggregates in the substantia nigra .

Correlated Product(s): /

Opposite Product(s): HY-W013494

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Molecular Weight

209.72

Formula

C₁₂H₁₆ClN

CAS No.

23007-85-4

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

CN1CC=C(C2=CC=CC=C2)CC1.[H]Cl

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (476.83 mM)

DMSO : 12 mg/mL (57.22 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	4.7683 mL	23.8413 mL	47.6826 mL
5 mM	0.9537 mL	4.7683 mL	9.5365 mL
10 mM	0.4768 mL	2.3841 mL	4.7683 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (7.96 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (7.96 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (7.96 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.67 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: ≥ 100 mg/mL (476.83 mM); Clear solution

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.54%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (286 KB) SDS (420 KB)

COA (249 KB) LCMS (119 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Langston J W, Irwin I. MPTP Neurotoxicity: An Overview and Characterization of Phases of Toxicity. II. Selective Accumulation of MPP in the Substantia Nigra: A Key to Neurotoxicity (Question). Life Sci., 1985, 36, No. 3, 201-12. [Content Brief]

[2]. Hsu K S, et al. Potentiation of MPTP by 4-Phenylpyridine on the Neuromuscular Blockade in Mouse Phrenic Nerve-Diaphragm. Neuropharmacology, 1993, 32, No. 9, 877-83. [Content Brief]

[3]. Sun XL, et al. Gas1 up-regulation is inducible and contributes to cell apoptosis in reactive astrocytes in the substantia nigra of LPS and MPTP models. J Neuroinflammation. 2016 Jul 8;13(1):180. [Content Brief]

[4]. Jackson-Lewis V, Przedborski S. Protocol for the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Nat Protoc. 2007;2(1):141-51. [Content Brief]

[5]. Rabaneda-Lombarte N, et al. The CD200R1 microglial inhibitory receptor as a therapeutic target in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2021 Apr 6;18(1):88. [Content Brief]

[6]. Lee, et al. MPTP-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia plays a central role in dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Cell Death Differ. 2019 Jan;26(2):213-228. [Content Brief]

[7]. Zhang QS, et al. Reassessment of subacute MPTP-treated mice as animal model of Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2017 Oct;38(10):1317-1328. [Content Brief]

[8]. Hammock BD, et al., A sheep model for MPTP induced Parkinson-like symptoms. Life Sci. 1989;45(17):1601-8. [Content Brief]

Animal Administration
^[3]

For the preparation of the LPS rat model and the MPTP mouse model, the treatments of the animals are performed. Briefly, adult rats receive unilateral injections of LPS (0.5 μL of 10 μg/μL diluted in 0.9% saline) into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) at the following coordinates, AP-4.2 mm, L 1.5 mm, and V 7.8 mm, and into the contralateral side with the same volume of 0.9% saline. Adult mice are administered intraperitoneal injections of MPTP of 25 mg/kg per day for five continuous days, and the same volume of saline is injected as a control. All the animals are sacrificed at week 1, 2, 3, or 4 after the LPS or MPTP injections. The brain samples are collected for the subsequent immunohistochemistry and western blot experiments.

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

References

[1]. Langston J W, Irwin I. MPTP Neurotoxicity: An Overview and Characterization of Phases of Toxicity. II. Selective Accumulation of MPP in the Substantia Nigra: A Key to Neurotoxicity (Question). Life Sci., 1985, 36, No. 3, 201-12. [Content Brief]

[2]. Hsu K S, et al. Potentiation of MPTP by 4-Phenylpyridine on the Neuromuscular Blockade in Mouse Phrenic Nerve-Diaphragm. Neuropharmacology, 1993, 32, No. 9, 877-83. [Content Brief]

[3]. Sun XL, et al. Gas1 up-regulation is inducible and contributes to cell apoptosis in reactive astrocytes in the substantia nigra of LPS and MPTP models. J Neuroinflammation. 2016 Jul 8;13(1):180. [Content Brief]

[4]. Jackson-Lewis V, Przedborski S. Protocol for the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Nat Protoc. 2007;2(1):141-51. [Content Brief]

[5]. Rabaneda-Lombarte N, et al. The CD200R1 microglial inhibitory receptor as a therapeutic target in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2021 Apr 6;18(1):88. [Content Brief]

[6]. Lee, et al. MPTP-driven NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia plays a central role in dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Cell Death Differ. 2019 Jan;26(2):213-228. [Content Brief]

[7]. Zhang QS, et al. Reassessment of subacute MPTP-treated mice as animal model of Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2017 Oct;38(10):1317-1328. [Content Brief]

[8]. Hammock BD, et al., A sheep model for MPTP induced Parkinson-like symptoms. Life Sci. 1989;45(17):1601-8. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO / H₂O	1 mM	4.7683 mL	23.8413 mL	47.6826 mL	119.2066 mL
	5 mM	0.9537 mL	4.7683 mL	9.5365 mL	23.8413 mL
	10 mM	0.4768 mL	2.3841 mL	4.7683 mL	11.9207 mL
	15 mM	0.3179 mL	1.5894 mL	3.1788 mL	7.9471 mL
	20 mM	0.2384 mL	1.1921 mL	2.3841 mL	5.9603 mL
	25 mM	0.1907 mL	0.9537 mL	1.9073 mL	4.7683 mL
	30 mM	0.1589 mL	0.7947 mL	1.5894 mL	3.9736 mL
	40 mM	0.1192 mL	0.5960 mL	1.1921 mL	2.9802 mL
	50 mM	0.0954 mL	0.4768 mL	0.9537 mL	2.3841 mL
H₂O	60 mM	0.0795 mL	0.3974 mL	0.7947 mL	1.9868 mL
	80 mM	0.0596 mL	0.2980 mL	0.5960 mL	1.4901 mL
	100 mM	0.0477 mL	0.2384 mL	0.4768 mL	1.1921 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.