2. NF-κB Stem Cell/Wnt MAPK/ERK Pathway Autophagy Apoptosis
  3. Keap1-Nrf2 ERK Autophagy Apoptosis Ferroptosis
  4. TBHQ

TBHQ  (Synonyms: tert-Butylhydroquinone)

Cat. No.: HY-100489 Purity: 99.89%
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TBHQ (tert-Butylhydroquinone) is a widely used Nrf2 activator, protects against Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity through activation of Nrf2. TBHQ (tert-Butylhydroquinone) is also an ERK activator; rescues Dehydrocorydaline (DHC)-induced cell proliferation inhibitionin melanoma.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

TBHQ Chemical Structure

TBHQ Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 1948-33-0

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Customer Review

Based on 84 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of TBHQ:

TBHQ Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

82 Publications Citing Use of MCE TBHQ

WB

    TBHQ purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Front Pharmacol. 2018 Jun 6;9:540.  [Abstract]

    BHQ promotes higher protein expression of Nrf2 in a time-dependent manner in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCF) while notably downregulated collagen I and collagen III.

    TBHQ purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018 Jun 7;500(3):790-796.  [Abstract]

    Macrophages are isolated from wild-type mice, treated with tBHQ (100 μM) or not, and induced for 3 h using LPS, IFN-g, IL-4 or IL-13. Western blot analysis of the expression of Nrf2, p65 subunit of NF-kB, phosphorylated p65 and PPARg in the cytoplasm and nucleus.

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    ERK ERK1 ERK2 ERK5 ERK8

    • Biological Activity

    • Purity & Documentation

    • References

    • Customer Review

    Description

    TBHQ (tert-Butylhydroquinone) is a widely used Nrf2 activator, protects against Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity through activation of Nrf2[1]. TBHQ (tert-Butylhydroquinone) is also an ERK activator; rescues Dehydrocorydaline (DHC)-induced cell proliferation inhibitionin melanoma[2].

    IC50 & Target[1][2]

    Nrf2

     

    ERK

     

    Autophagy

     

    In Vitro

    TBHQ (t-butylhydroquinone; tBHQ; 0-100 μM; 48 hours; H9c2 cells) alone does not affect H9c2 cells viability. Pre-incubation of the H9c2 cells with various concentrations of tBHQ for 24 hours enhances cell viability which is decreased due to exposure to ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with tBHQ markedly enhances the viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to ethanol[3].
    TBHQ (5 μM; 15 min; H9c2 cells) treatment significantly reduces the amount of apoptotic cells exposed to ethanol[3].
    TBHQ (5 μM; H9c2 cells) pre-treatment markedly inhibites the ethanol-induced increase in caspase-3 and Bax expression, and enhances Bcl-2 expression[3].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    TBHQ Related Antibodies

    Cell Viability Assay[3]

    Cell Line: H9c2 cells
    Concentration: 0 µM, 0.625 µM, 1.25 µM, 2.5 µM, 5 µM, 10 µM, 20 µM, 50 µM and 100 µM
    Incubation Time: 48 hours
    Result: Enhanced the viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to ethanol.

    Apoptosis Analysis[3]

    Cell Line: H9c2 cells
    Concentration: 5 μM
    Incubation Time:
    Result: Lowered the amount of apoptotic cells exposed to ethanol.

    Western Blot Analysis[3]

    Cell Line: H9c2 cells
    Concentration: 5 μM
    Incubation Time:
    Result: Inhibited the ethanol-induced increase in caspase-3 and Bax expression, and enhanced Bcl-2 expression.
    In Vivo

    TBHQ treatment (50 mg/kg; Intraperitoneal injection; three injections at intervals of 8 h that began 1-h post ICH; CD-1 mice) augments the DNA-Binding activity of Nrf2, attenuates oxidative brain damage and acute neurological deficits afterintracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), attenuates microglial activation with concomitant reduction in the release of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). TBHQ has the efficacy of post-injury administration in attenuating acute neurological injury after ICH[4].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Model: Male CD-1 mice (8-10 weeks old)[4]
    Dosage: 50 mg/kg
    Administration: Intraperitoneal injection; three injections at intervals of 8 hours that began 1h post ICH.
    Result: The treatment augmented the DNA-binding activity of Nrf2, attenuated brain oxidative damage, attenuated the microglial activation and the expression of IL-1β.
    Molecular Weight

    166.22

    Formula

    C10H14O2
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage
    Powder -20°C 3 years
    4°C 2 years
    In solvent -80°C 6 months
    -20°C 1 month
    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : ≥ 56.66 mg/mL (340.87 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    *"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 6.0161 mL 30.0806 mL 60.1612 mL
    5 mM 1.2032 mL 6.0161 mL 12.0322 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
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    Concentration
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    Volume
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    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

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    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

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    Volume (final)

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    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.04 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.04 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  50% PEG300    50% Saline

      Solubility: 20 mg/mL (120.32 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.89%

    COA (248 KB) HNMR (116 KB) RP-HPLC (243 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    DMSO 1 mM 6.0161 mL 30.0806 mL 60.1612 mL 150.4031 mL
    5 mM 1.2032 mL 6.0161 mL 12.0322 mL 30.0806 mL
    10 mM 0.6016 mL 3.0081 mL 6.0161 mL 15.0403 mL
    15 mM 0.4011 mL 2.0054 mL 4.0107 mL 10.0269 mL
    20 mM 0.3008 mL 1.5040 mL 3.0081 mL 7.5202 mL
    25 mM 0.2406 mL 1.2032 mL 2.4064 mL 6.0161 mL
    30 mM 0.2005 mL 1.0027 mL 2.0054 mL 5.0134 mL
    40 mM 0.1504 mL 0.7520 mL 1.5040 mL 3.7601 mL
    50 mM 0.1203 mL 0.6016 mL 1.2032 mL 3.0081 mL
    60 mM 0.1003 mL 0.5013 mL 1.0027 mL 2.5067 mL
    80 mM 0.0752 mL 0.3760 mL 0.7520 mL 1.8800 mL
    100 mM 0.0602 mL 0.3008 mL 0.6016 mL 1.5040 mL
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    TBHQ Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    TBHQ1948-33-0tert-ButylhydroquinoneKeap1-Nrf2ERKAutophagyApoptosisFerroptosisExtracellular signal regulated kinasesInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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