2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Related Products

PDF 4.04 MB

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P10368
    P110 heptapeptide
    		Inhibitor 99.13%
    P110 heptapeptide is a peptide inhibitor of the Drp1-Fis1 interaction. P110 heptapeptide has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, mitochondrial protective, and neuroprotective activities. Without blocking the physiological functions of Drp1, P110 heptapeptide reduces pathological functions in many models of neurodegeneration, ischemia, and sepsis. P110 heptapeptide can be used for research on neurological and inflammatory diseases.
    P110 heptapeptide
  • HY-130750
    Phycocyanobilin
    		Inhibitor 98.90%
    Phycocyanobilin, an orally active antioxidative agent, is an effective scavenger for various reactive oxygen species. Phycocyanobilin can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease.
    Phycocyanobilin
  • HY-Y1881B
    Copper sulfate pentahydrate, for cell culture, 98%
    		Inhibitor 98.00%
    Copper sulfate pentahydrate, for cell culture, 98% is a biochemical reagent. Copper sulfate pentahydrate, for cell culture, 98% reduces the production of ROS and the expression levels of MyD88 as well as c-Rel genes. Copper sulfate pentahydrate, for cell culture, 98% decreases the activities of T-SOD, CAT, and GSH, increases the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. Copper sulfate pentahydrate, for cell culture, 98% is cytotoxic to various cells.
    Copper sulfate pentahydrate, for cell culture, 98%
  • HY-B0553
    Methazolamide
    		Inhibitor 99.41%
    Methazolamide (L584601) is a BBB-penetrable and orally active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, with a Ki of 14 nM for human carbonic anhydrase II. Methazolamide can reduce intraocular pressure and has a neuroprotective effect, being able to inhibit neuronal apoptosis. Methazolamide can be used in the research of ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma and cerebrovascular diseases such as subarachnoid hemorrhage.
    Methazolamide
  • HY-P1925A
    GO-203 TFA
    		Inducer 98.39%
    GO-203 TFA is a potent MUC1-C oncoprotein inhibitor. GO-203 TFA is an all D-amino acid peptide that consists of a poly-R transduction domain linked to a CQCRRKN motif that binds to the MUC1-C cytoplasmic tail and blocks MUC1-C homodimerization. GO-203 TFA downregulates TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) protein synthesis by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-S6K1 pathway. GO-203 TFA induces the production of ROS and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. GO-203 TFA inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro and as xenografts in nude mice.
    GO-203 TFA
  • HY-111798
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.11%
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-1 (compound 2) is a potent heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.25 μM. Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-1 can be used for cancer research.
    Heme Oxygenase-1-IN-1
  • HY-113298
    Citraconic acid
    		Inhibitor 98.73%
    Citraconic acid (Methylmaleic acid) is an orally active inhibitor targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Citraconic acid reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Citraconic acid also modifies the conformation of Keap1 protein, relieves its inhibition of Nrf2, promotes antioxidant gene expression, and inhibits NLRP3 activation and the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18. Citraconic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, can reduce oxidative stress and cell pyroptosis, improve tissue damage, and can be used for the research of inflammation-related diseases such as acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Citraconic acid is an isomer of Itaconic acid (HY-Y052).
    Citraconic acid
  • HY-116572A
    TASIN-1
    		Activator 98.09%
    TASIN-1 is a selective inhibitor of truncated APCTR (adenomatous polyposis coli gene) that exerts cytotoxic effects by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. TASIN-1 specifically targets colorectal cancer (CRC) cells carrying APC truncated mutations, while having no significant toxicity to wild-type APC cells. TASIN-1 exerts cytotoxic effects by targeting Emopamil binding protein (EBP) to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, triggering endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and JNK-mediated apoptosis, and inhibiting Akt survival signaling. TASIN-1 can be used to prevent and intervene in APC mutant colorectal cancer.
    TASIN-1
  • HY-15586
    L67
    		Activator 98.0%
    L67 (DNA Ligase Inhibitor) is a competitive DNA ligase inhibitor that effectively inhibits DNA ligases I/III (both IC50 are 10 μM). L67 can cause nuclear DNA damage by reducing levels of mitochondrial DNA and increasing levels of mitochondrially-generated ROS. L67 also activates the Caspase 1-dependent apoptosis pathway in cancer cells, can be used in cancer research.
    L67
  • HY-W015913S
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-13C3
    		Inhibitor 99.7%
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-13C3 is the 13C-labeled Sodium 2-oxopropanoate. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS.
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N8241
    N-trans-Caffeoyltyramine
    		99.72%
    N-TRANS-CaffeoyLtyramine is an effective inflammatory response regulator, which has antioxidant activity and anticoagulation effects.
    N-trans-Caffeoyltyramine
  • HY-121026
    DMNQ
    		Activator 99.8%
    DMNQ is a redox cycling agent. DMNQ produces hydrogen peroxide in cells in a concentration-dependent manner. DMNQ can induce the increase of ROS production.
    DMNQ
  • HY-N0520
    Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside
    		99.05%
    Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside is an isoflavone isolated from Astragali Radix. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside has variety of biological activities, such as neuroprotective, cardioprotection, anti-inflammation, and antioxidative stress effects.
    Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside
  • HY-W011689
    6PPD
    		Inhibitor 99.44%
    6PPD is a rubber antioxidant that scavenges ozone, forming nitroxyl radicals. 6PPD exposure decreases hatchability, lowered autonomous movement, reduces body length in zebrafish embryos and causes deformities. 6PPD also produces oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos.
    6PPD
  • HY-119272
    EF24
    		Inducer 99.34%
    EF24, a curcumin analogue, is an NF-kB inhibitor with great anti-tumor efficacy and oral bioavailability via deactivation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). EF24 is active against melanoma and breast cancer cell lines with GI50 values of 0.7 μM and 0.8 μM, respectively. EF24 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and DU-145 human prostate cancer cells. EF24 increases the levels of activated caspase 3 and 9, and decreases the phosphorylated forms of MEK1 and ERK.
    EF24
  • HY-113328
    Aminoadipic acid
    		Activator 99.86%
    Aminoadipic acid is an orally active lysine oxide derivative. Aminoadipic acid induces ROS generation, increases free Ca2+, decreases SOD, and activates TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway. Aminoadipic acid has pro-inflammatory effects. Aminoadipic acid can be used in atherosclerosis research.
    Aminoadipic acid
  • HY-W009203
    L-Cystine dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    L-Cystine dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt form of L-Cystine (HY-N0394). L-Cystine dihydrochloride elevates Nrf2 protein expression and activates Nrf2 transcription factor. L-cystine dihydrochloride reduces ROS generation and protects against oxidant- or Doxorubicin (HY-15142A)-induced apoptosis. L-Cystine dihydrochloride combined with L-theanine (HY-15121) enhances the production of antigen-specific IgG by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and T helper 2 (Th2) mediated responses in mice. L-Cystine dihydrochloride is promising for research of cystinuria and kidney stones
    L-Cystine dihydrochloride
  • HY-14806B
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.97%
    Teneligliptin (MP-513) hydrobromide hydrate is an orally active and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (IC50s: 0.37 and 0.29 nM for the human and rat DPP-4, respectively). Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate improves blood glucose levels and can be used in researches related to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate
  • HY-123533
    Resorufin
    		99.0%
    Resorufin (NSC 12097) is a highly fluorescent pink dye. Resorufin shows favorable properties such as water solubility, red-shifted absorption/emission signals. Resorufin is used for the detection of ROS/RNS and a second analyte.
    Resorufin
  • HY-N0716A
    Berberine hemisulfate
    		Modulator 99.63%
    Berberine hemisulfate is the hemisulfate form of Berberine (HY-N0716). Berberine hemisulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian. Berberine hemisulfate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibiobic, antitumor, cardiovascular protective and neuroprotective activity.
    Berberine hemisulfate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity