2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0847
    Propiconazole
    		Activator 99.92%
    Propiconazole is an orally active N-substituted triazole used as a fungicide. Propiconazole is a mouse liver hepatotoxicant and a hepatocarcinogen that has adverse reproductive and developmental toxicities in experimental animals.
    Propiconazole
  • HY-130015
    HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture)
    		98.99%
    HKSOX-1 is a fluorescent probe which is used for imaging and detection of endogenous superoxide in live cells and in vivo. HKSOX-1 exhibits excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards superoxide anion radical.
    HKSOX-1 (5/6-mixture)
  • HY-N2007
    Veratric acid
    		99.99%
    Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid) is an orally active phenolic compound derived from vegetables and fruits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Veratric acid also acts as a protective agent against hypertension-associated cardiovascular remodelling. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation.
    Veratric acid
  • HY-N2010
    Methyl gallate
    		99.98%
    Methyl gallate is a plant phenolic with antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Methyl gallate also shows bacterial inhibition activity. Methyl gallate also has anti-HIV-1 and HIV-1 enzyme inhibitory activities.
    Methyl gallate
  • HY-W040143
    2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein
    		99.22%
    2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein acts as a fluorescent probe (Ex=496 nm and Em=525 nm) for reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement.
    2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein
  • HY-N4118
    Cephaeline
    		98.94%
    Cephaeline ((-)-Cephaeline), a desmethyl analog of Emetine, is a phenolic alkaloid in Indian Ipecac roots isolated from the Cephaelis ipecacuanha. Cephaeline exhibits potent inhibition of both Zika virus (ZIKV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) infections. Cephaeline is an inductor of histone H3 acetylation and an inhibitor of mucoepidermoid carcinoma cancer stem cells (MEC), which promotes ferroptosis by inhibiting NRF2 to exert anti-lung cancer efficacy.
    Cephaeline
  • HY-W016409
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
    		Activator 99.87%
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Ethyl protocatechuate), an antioxidant, is a prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor found in the testa of peanut seeds. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate protects myocardium by activating NO synthase and generating mitochondrial ROS. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate induces cell autophagy and apoptosis in ESCC cells. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is a collagen synthesis inhibitor and has a bone protecting-effect.
    Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate
  • HY-N0520
    Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside
    		98.86%
    Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside is an isoflavone isolated from Astragali Radix. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside has variety of biological activities, such as neuroprotective, cardioprotection, anti-inflammation, and antioxidative stress effects.
    Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside
  • HY-B2188
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine
    		≥98.0%
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine is a natural product that acts as a substrate in the catalytic antioxidant system mediated by methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA), with antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-obesity activities.
    S-Methyl-L-cysteine
  • HY-W010201
    Citronellol
    		Activator 98.60%
    Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis.
    Citronellol
  • HY-13571A
    Beclometasone dipropionate
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Beclometasone dipropionate, the proagent of Beclometasone, is an orally active and potent glucocorticoid recepter agonist. Beclometasone dipropionate acts via a glucocorticoid receptor and suppresses inflammation and hyperproliferation. Beclometasone dipropionate can be used for asthma .
    Beclometasone dipropionate
  • HY-124750
    NecroX-7
    		Inhibitor 99.69%
    NecroX-7 is a potent free radical scavenger and a HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) inhibitor. NecroX-7 can be used as an antidote to acetaminophen toxicity. NecroX-7 exerts a protective effect by preventing the release of HMGB1 in ischemia/reperfusion injury. NecroX-7 inhibits the HMGB1-induced release of TNF and IL-6, as well as the expression of TLR-4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products. NecroX-7 can be used graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) research.
    NecroX-7
  • HY-120332
    Sonlicromanol hydrochloride
    		Modulator 99.85%
    Sonlicromanol (KH176) hydrochloride, a chemical entity derivative of Trolox, is a blood-brain barrier permeable ROS-redox modulator. Sonlicromanol (KH176) hydrochloride is used in the study for mitochondrial disorders.
    Sonlicromanol hydrochloride
  • HY-16739
    Emeramide
    		99.56%
    Emeramide is a thiol-redox antioxidant and heavy metal chelator.
    Emeramide
  • HY-14914
    Azilsartan
    		Inducer 99.51%
    Azilsartan (TAK-536) is an orally active, potent, selective and specific angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist. Azilsartan induces ROS formation and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Azilsartan shows neuroprotective and anticancer activity. Azilsartan can be used for hypertension and stroke research.
    Azilsartan
  • HY-D1157
    HKPerox-2
    		98.98%
    HKPerox-2 is a highly sensitive green fluorescent probe for the specific detection of H2O2 in living cells with a maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of 520 nm and 543 nm, respectively.
    HKPerox-2
  • HY-N0483
    Phillygenin
    		98.97%
    Phillygenin (Phillygenol) is an active ingredient from Forsythia with many medicinal properties, such as antioxidant, reducing blood lipid, inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation.
    Phillygenin
  • HY-N1354
    Reynoutrin
    Reynoutrin (Quercetin-3-D-xyloside) is a flavonoid from Psidium cattleianum, with antioxidant and radical-scavenging activity.
    Reynoutrin
  • HY-B2068
    Iron sucrose
    		Activator
    Iron sucrose (Iron saccharate) is a intravenous iron preparation and a pro-oxidant agent. Iron sucrose has the potential for iron deficiency anemia treatment.
    Iron sucrose
  • HY-19625
    MCB-613
    		99.95%
    MCB-613 is a potent Steroid receptor coactivator SRC small molecule ‘stimulator’ (SMS), super-stimulates SRCs’ transcriptional activity. MCB-613 increases SRCs’ interactions with other coactivators and markedly induces ER stress coupled to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MCB-613 is a SMS that target oncogenes can be exploited as anti-cancer agents by over-stimulating the SRC oncogenic program.
    MCB-613
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity