2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-100965
    Diphenyleneiodonium chloride
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    Diphenyleneiodonium chloride is a NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor and also functions as a TRPA1 activator with an EC50 of 1 to 3 μM. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride selectively inhibits intracellular reactive oxygen species.
    Diphenyleneiodonium chloride
  • HY-101193
    Zinc Protoporphyrin
    		99.87%
    Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is an orally active and competitive heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor and markedly attenuates the protective effects of Phloroglucinol (PG) against H2O2. Zinc Protoporphyrin is used as a screening marker of iron deficiency in individual pregnant women and children, but also to assess population iron status in combination with haemoglobin concentration. Zinc Protoporphyrin has anti-cancer activity.
    Zinc Protoporphyrin
  • HY-16214
    FX-11
    		Inducer 99.21%
    FX-11 is a potent, selective, reversible and competitive lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) inhibitor, with a Ki of 8 μM. FX-11 reduces ATP levels and induces oxidative stress, ROS production and cell death. FX-11 shows antitumor activity in lymphoma and pancreatic cancer xenografts.
    FX-11
  • HY-18258
    Berberine chloride
    		Activator 99.69%
    Berberine chloride is an alkaloid that acts as an antibiotic. Berberine chloride induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Antineoplastic properties.
    Berberine chloride
  • HY-100202
    TPEN
    		Activator 99.69%
    TPEN (TPEDA) is a specific cell-permeable heavy metal chelator. TPEN has a higher affinity for Zn2+, but a lower affinity for Mg2+ and Ca2+. TPEN induces DNA damage and increases intracellular ROS production. TPEN also inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.
    TPEN
  • HY-N0055
    Chlorogenic acid
    		99.55%
    Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound.
    Chlorogenic acid
  • HY-N0683
    α-Vitamin E
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant.
    α-Vitamin E
  • HY-B2130
    Uric acid
    		99.96%
    Uric acid, scavenger of oxygen radical, is a very important antioxidant that help maintains the stability of blood pressure and antioxidant stress. Uric acid can remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
    Uric acid
  • HY-B0356
    Ciprofloxacin
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin
  • HY-N0111
    Coenzyme Q10
    		99.69%
    Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.
    Coenzyme Q10
  • HY-B0166A
    L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt
    		99.97%
    L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt (Sodium ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt selectively inhibits Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor.
    L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt
  • HY-N0523
    Gallic acid
    		99.99%
    Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.
    Gallic acid
  • HY-W015913
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate (Sodium pyruvate), a three-carbon metabolite of Glucose, is a compound produced in the glycolytic pathway. Sodium 2-oxopropanoate is a free radical scavenger that can scavenge ROS.
    Sodium 2-oxopropanoate
  • HY-12033
    2-Methoxyestradiol
    		Activator 99.82%
    2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa.
    2-Methoxyestradiol
  • HY-B1625
    Deferoxamine
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    Deferoxamine (Deferoxamine B) is an iron chelator (binds to Fe(III) and many other metal cations), is widely used to reduce iron accumulation and deposition in tissues. Deferoxamine upregulates HIF-1α levels with good antioxidant activity. Deferoxamine also shows anti-proliferative activity, can induce apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Deferoxamine can be used in studies of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases as well as anti-cancer and anti-COVID-19.
    Deferoxamine
  • HY-B0183
    Ellagic acid
    		99.46%
    Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive inhibitor of CK2 and SHP2, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM.
    Ellagic acid
  • HY-107690
    DMPO
    		99.90%
    DMPO is a cell permeable hydrophillic spin trap agent for superoxide detection.
    DMPO
  • HY-N0020
    Echinacoside
    		99.88%
    Echinacoside, one of the phenylethanoids isolated from the stems of Cistanche deserticola, effectively inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Echinacoside elicits neuroprotection by activating Trk receptors and their downstream signal pathways. Antiosteoporotic activity.
    Echinacoside
  • HY-117433
    4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide
    		Activator ≥98.0%
    4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide is the active metabolite form of the precursor Cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide cross-links DNA to induce T cell apoptosis independent of caspase receptor activation, and can activate the mitochondrial death pathway by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide can be used in the study of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune diseases.
    4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide
  • HY-N0155
    Nobiletin
    		Inhibitor 99.79%
    Nobiletin is a poly-methoxylated flavone from the citrus peel that improves memory loss. Nobiletin is a retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) agonist. Nobiletin can reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in differentiated C2C12 myotubes and has anti-inflammation and anti-cancer properties, including anti-angiogenesis, anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis and induced apoptosis.
    Nobiletin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity