2. Induced Disease Models Products Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Immunology and Inflammatory Disease Models Thyroid Hormone Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
  4. Hapten
  5. L-Thyroxine

L-Thyroxine  (Synonyms: Levothyroxine; T4)

Cat. No.: HY-18341 Purity: 99.49%
SDS COA Handling Instructions

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L-Thyroxine (Levothyroxine; T4) is a synthetic hormone for the research of hypothyroidism. DIO enzymes convert biologically active thyroid hormone (Triiodothyronine,T3) from L-Thyroxine (T4).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

L-Thyroxine Chemical Structure

L-Thyroxine Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 51-48-9

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 USD 73 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 73 In-stock
Solid
500 mg USD 66 In-stock
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Customer Review

Based on 8 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of L-Thyroxine:

L-Thyroxine Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

  • Biological Activity

  • Protocol

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

L-Thyroxine (Levothyroxine; T4) is a synthetic hormone for the research of hypothyroidism. DIO enzymes convert biologically active thyroid hormone (Triiodothyronine,T3) from L-Thyroxine (T4)[1].

IC50 & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
HEK293 IC50
4.9 μM
Compound: Levothyroxine
Inhibition of human recombinant UGT1A1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in bilirubin glucuronidation by LC-MS/MS method
Inhibition of human recombinant UGT1A1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in bilirubin glucuronidation by LC-MS/MS method
[PMID: 21030469]
HEK293 IC50
5.6 μM
Compound: Levothyroxine
Inhibition of human recombinant UGT1A1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in estradiol 3-glucuronidation by LC-MS/MS method
Inhibition of human recombinant UGT1A1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in estradiol 3-glucuronidation by LC-MS/MS method
[PMID: 21030469]
HEK-293T EC50
12 μM
Compound: T4
Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused PPARgamma expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused PPARgamma expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay
[PMID: 32356658]
HEK-293T EC50
15.4 μM
Compound: T4
Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused RXRalpha LBD expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay
Agonist activity at recombinant human pFA-CMV fused RXRalpha LBD expressed in HEK293T cells transfected with pFR-luciferase plasmid and pRL-SV40 plasmid incubated for 14 to 16 hrs by dual glo luciferase reporter gene assay
[PMID: 32356658]
HepG2 EC50
100 μM
Compound: Levothyroxine
Activation of human PXR expressed in human HepG2 (DPX-2) cells assessed as induction of CYP3A4 after 24 hrs by luminescent analysis
Activation of human PXR expressed in human HepG2 (DPX-2) cells assessed as induction of CYP3A4 after 24 hrs by luminescent analysis
[PMID: 20966043]
In Vivo

Deiodinases (DIOs), which catalyse the conversion of thyroxine (pro-hormone) to the active thyroid hormone, are associated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. DIO1 and DIO2 catalyze activation of thyroid hormone secretion in contrast to DIO3 playing role inactivation of the secretion. Activities of DIO1 and DIO2 play pivotal role in the negative feedback regulation of pituitary TSH secretion[1]. L-Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) hormones are known to modulate the expression of ionic channels, pumps and regulatory contractile proteins. Moreover, thyroid hormones have been shown to influence calcium homeostasis and flux responsible for excitation and contractility, with L-Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine modulating its pharmacological control and secretion. In rats fed 12 weeks with the iodine-free diet, a significant decrease in the levels of both Triiodothyronine and L-Thyroxine is observed when compared to the control group fed with standard diet (p<0.001). In the group treated with low doses of L-Thyroxine, an increase in L-Thyroxine levels is observed (p=0.02) while Triiodothyronine levels remain virtually similar to the control group (p=0.19). Rats treated with high doses of L-Thyroxine display a significant increase in both Triiodothyronine and L-Thyroxine circulating concentrations compared to the non-treated hypothyroid group (p<0.001 and p=0.004, respectively) and a significant increase in L-Thyroxine levels when compared to the control values (p=0.03)[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

776.87

Formula

C15H11I4NO4
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to light yellow

SMILES

N[C@@H](CC1=CC(I)=C(C(I)=C1)OC2=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C2)C(O)=O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 233.33 mg/mL (300.35 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

1M NaOH : 5 mg/mL (6.44 mM; ultrasonic and warming and adjust pH to 11 with NaOH and heat to 60°C)

H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.2872 mL 6.4361 mL 12.8722 mL
5 mM 0.2574 mL 1.2872 mL 2.5744 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (2.68 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (2.68 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.49%

SDS (393 KB)

COA (245 KB) HNMR (268 KB) LCMS (105 KB) OR (768 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Animal Administration
[2]

Rats[2]
Sprague-Dawley female rats (N=22) are used. Non-pregnant rats are divided into four groups: 1) control, 2) hypothyroidism, 3) hypothyroidism treated with low doses of L-Thyroxine (20 μg/kg/day) and 4) with high doses of L-Thyroxine (100 μg/kg/day). Control rats (group 1) are fed with standard diet, while the intervention rats are fed with iodine-free diet for 12 weeks to induce hypothyroidism (groups 2-4) which is continued for four more weeks to allow screening of hypothyroid status and L-Thyroxine-treatment. Food and water (iodine-free diet) are available ad libitum. The hypothyroid group treated with low (group 3) or high doses of L-Thyroxine (group 4) are injected intraperitoneally every 24 h with respectively 20 μg/kg/day and 100 μg/kg/day. Blood samples are collected for thyroid function screening at week 12 and 16 following the initiation of either the control or iodine-free diet. Hysterectomy is performed under general anesthesia (isoflurane 2%) at the end of the treatment and the two uterine horns are placed in physiological Krebs' solution until isometric tension measurements within no more than 1 h.

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
1M NaOH / DMSO 1 mM 1.2872 mL 6.4361 mL 12.8722 mL 32.1804 mL
5 mM 0.2574 mL 1.2872 mL 2.5744 mL 6.4361 mL
DMSO 10 mM 0.1287 mL 0.6436 mL 1.2872 mL 3.2180 mL
15 mM 0.0858 mL 0.4291 mL 0.8581 mL 2.1454 mL
20 mM 0.0644 mL 0.3218 mL 0.6436 mL 1.6090 mL
25 mM 0.0515 mL 0.2574 mL 0.5149 mL 1.2872 mL
30 mM 0.0429 mL 0.2145 mL 0.4291 mL 1.0727 mL
40 mM 0.0322 mL 0.1609 mL 0.3218 mL 0.8045 mL
50 mM 0.0257 mL 0.1287 mL 0.2574 mL 0.6436 mL
60 mM 0.0215 mL 0.1073 mL 0.2145 mL 0.5363 mL
80 mM 0.0161 mL 0.0805 mL 0.1609 mL 0.4023 mL
100 mM 0.0129 mL 0.0644 mL 0.1287 mL 0.3218 mL
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L-Thyroxine Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

L-Thyroxine51-48-9Levothyroxine T4T4T 4T-4Thyroid Hormone ReceptorEndogenous MetaboliteTHRInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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