2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Anti-infection
  3. Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial Fungal
  4. Maculosin

Maculosin  (Synonyms: Cyclo(Tyr-Pro))

Cat. No.: HY-P1940 Purity: 99.59%
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Maculosin (Cyclo (Tyr-Pro)) is a host-specific phytotoxin for spotted knapweed from Alternaria alternata. Maculosin is a quorum-sensing molecule involved in cell-cell communication. Maculosin also acts as a signaling molecule regulating virulence gene expression. Maculosin shows antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties.Maculosin (Cyclo (Tyr-Pro)) is a host-specific phytotoxin for spotted knapweed from Alternaria alternata. Maculosin is a quorum-sensing molecule involved in cell-cell communication. Maculosin also acts as a signaling molecule regulating virulence gene expression. Maculosin shows antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties.

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Maculosin Chemical Structure

Maculosin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 4549-02-4

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Maculosin Related Antibodies

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Description

Maculosin (Cyclo (Tyr-Pro)) is a host-specific phytotoxin for spotted knapweed from Alternaria alternata. Maculosin is a quorum-sensing molecule involved in cell-cell communication. Maculosin also acts as a signaling molecule regulating virulence gene expression. Maculosin shows antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].Maculosin (Cyclo (Tyr-Pro)) is a host-specific phytotoxin for spotted knapweed from Alternaria alternata. Maculosin is a quorum-sensing molecule involved in cell-cell communication. Maculosin also acts as a signaling molecule regulating virulence gene expression. Maculosin shows antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].

In Vitro

Maculosin shows cytotoxic activity against the human liver cancer cell lines, with an IC50 of 48.90 µg/mL[3].
Maculosin (0-128 μg/mL) shows stronger antioxidant activity than the commercially used Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (HY-B1066), with IC50s of 2.16  and 4.8 µg/mL[3].
Maculosin (0-128  μg/mL, 24 h) shows no toxicity (LD50, <128 µg/mL) in brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA)[3].
Maculosin (10-100 μg/mL) reduces the growth of the plant pathogenic bacteria X. axonopodis and R. solanacearum (MICs = 31.25 μg/mL) as well as the pathogenic oomycetes P. cactorum, P. capsici, P. cinnamomi, P. infestans, and P. ultimum[4][5].
Maculosin inhibits the growth of M. luteus, M. smegmatis, S. cerevisiae, C. albicans, C. neoformans, and A. niger when used in combination with Pyrrolnitrin (HY-133704) or Banegasin[6].
Maculosin (0.5-100 μg/mL) shows antibacterial activity against certain multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria, with MICs of 5-15 mg/mL[7].
Maculosin shows specific antioxidant activity, with the DPPH scavenging activities of 38.22% at 7.5 μg/mL[8].
Maculosin (10 μM-1 mM) exhibits lesion inductive abilities when applied to knapweed leaves and hypocotyls[9].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Maculosin Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[7]

Cell Line: S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus MRSA2, S. aureus MRSA C363, and S. aureus VRSAS1, S. aureus ATCC 43,300, B. subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli ATCC 25,922, and E. coli E52, Enterobacter cloacae E13, Klebsiella pneumoniae E40, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIPA
Concentration: 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Showed a MIC value of 5 μg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus MRSA2, S. aureus MRSA C363, and S. aureus VRSAS1.
Showed a MIC value of 10 μg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 43,300, B. subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli ATCC 25,922, and E. coli E52.
Showed a MIC value of 15 μg/mL against Enterobacter cloacae E13, Klebsiella pneumoniae E40, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIPA.
Molecular Weight

260.29

Formula

C14H16N2O3
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

Structure Classification
Initial Source

Streptomyces sp. KTM18
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

Sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen

Powder -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (384.18 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.8418 mL 19.2091 mL 38.4182 mL
5 mM 0.7684 mL 3.8418 mL 7.6836 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
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Concentration
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Volume
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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

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Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.60 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 3.8418 mL 19.2091 mL 38.4182 mL 96.0456 mL
5 mM 0.7684 mL 3.8418 mL 7.6836 mL 19.2091 mL
10 mM 0.3842 mL 1.9209 mL 3.8418 mL 9.6046 mL
15 mM 0.2561 mL 1.2806 mL 2.5612 mL 6.4030 mL
20 mM 0.1921 mL 0.9605 mL 1.9209 mL 4.8023 mL
25 mM 0.1537 mL 0.7684 mL 1.5367 mL 3.8418 mL
30 mM 0.1281 mL 0.6403 mL 1.2806 mL 3.2015 mL
40 mM 0.0960 mL 0.4802 mL 0.9605 mL 2.4011 mL
50 mM 0.0768 mL 0.3842 mL 0.7684 mL 1.9209 mL
60 mM 0.0640 mL 0.3202 mL 0.6403 mL 1.6008 mL
80 mM 0.0480 mL 0.2401 mL 0.4802 mL 1.2006 mL
100 mM 0.0384 mL 0.1921 mL 0.3842 mL 0.9605 mL
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Maculosin Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Maculosin4549-02-4Cyclo(Tyr-Pro)Endogenous MetaboliteBacterialFungalAntimicrobialAntifungalAntioxidantAnti-cancerS. aureusE. coli.Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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