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Results for "

Mitochondrial synthesis

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	DNA/RNA Synthesis (3) Mitochondrial Metabolism (1) Mitophagy (1) Apoptosis (7) Atg8/LC3 (2) ATP Synthase (1) AUTACs (1) Autophagy (6) Biochemical Assay Reagents (1) Caspase (2) Endogenous Metabolite (9) ERK (2) Fungal (2) HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase (1) HSP (1) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (2) Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC (1) Necroptosis (4) NO Synthase (1) Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog (8) Oxidative Phosphorylation (1) p62 (2) Phospholipase (1) PI3K (3) Reactive Oxygen Species (6) Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) (2) TNF Receptor (2)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (13) Cardiovascular Disease (5) Infection (1) Inflammation/Immunology (1) Metabolic Disease (5) Neurological Disease (16)
Oligonucleotides:	Nucleosides and their Analogs (2) siRNAs (2)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides

Targets Recommended: Mitochondrial Metabolism DNA/RNA Synthesis Mitophagy

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-111536

Mitochonic acid 5 3 Publications Verification MA-5	Oxidative Phosphorylation Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cardiovascular Disease
Mitochonic acid 5 binds *mitochondria* and ameliorates renal tubular and cardiac myocyte damage. Mitochonic acid 5 modulates mitochondrial ATP synthesis.

HY-150407

TSPO ligand-1	Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC Autophagy	Others Neurological Disease Cancer
TSPO ligand-1 is the ligand of AUTAC4 (HY-134640) that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs. TSPO ligand-1 is a mitochondrial outer membrane transmembrane structural domain protein can bind to AUTAC4 and regulate mitochondrial autophagy to promote targeted mitochondrial renewal. TSPO ligand-1 is also involved in the transport of cholesterol from the outer to inner mitochondrial membrane and serves as a sensitive biomarker of brain injury and neurodegeneration .

HY-W010382

Oxaloacetic acid 2-Oxosuccinic acid	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species	Metabolic Disease
Oxaloacetic acid (2-Oxosuccinic acid) is a metabolic intermediate involved in several ways, such as citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis, whereby Oxaloacetic acid facilitates the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improves mitochondrial function .

HY-B0158

Cytidine 3 Publications Verification Cytosine β-D-riboside; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function .

HY-158820

Cosdosiran QPI-1007	Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) Caspase	Cardiovascular Disease
Cosdosiran is a chemically modified siRNA designed to temporarily inhibit expression of the caspase 2 protein and can be used for the study of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and other optic neuropathies such as glaucoma that result in the death of retinal ganglion cells.?

HY-158820A

Cosdosiran sodium QPI-1007 sodium	Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) Caspase	Cardiovascular Disease
Cosdosiran sodium is a chemically modified siRNA designed to temporarily inhibit expression of the caspase 2 protein and can be used for the study of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and other optic neuropathies such as glaucoma that result in the death of retinal ganglion cells.?

HY-E70364

IgdE protease	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Inflammation/Immunology
IgdE protease is a cysteine protease, which is initially isolated from Streptococcus agalactiae. IgdE protease digests monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of the IgG1 type specifically at their upper hinge region, produces Fc/2, hinge peptide dimers, and Fab fragment. IgdE protease can be used in disulfide bonds and free thiol analysis, as it requires no reducing agents for cleavage .

HY-145623

Mulnitorsen	DNA/RNA Synthesis	Cancer
Mulnitorsen is an antisense non-coding mitochondrial RNA (ASncmtRNA) synthesis reducer. Mulnitorsen is an antitumor agent .

HY-147225

TSPO Ligand-Linker Conjugates 1	AUTACs Mitophagy	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
TSPO Ligand-Linker Conjugates 1 contains a ligand for translocator protein (TSPO) and a linker, which is used for the synthesis of mitochondria-targeting autophagy-targeting chimera (AUTAC). AUTAC can bind the TSPO on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) of mitochondria and degrades impaired mitochondria and proteins via mitophagy, and improves mitochondrial activity. TSPO Ligand-Linker Conjugates 1 can be used in mitochondrial dysfunction related research, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes .

HY-144830

6BrCaQ	HSP	Cancer
6BrCaQ is a potent mitochondrial heat shock protein TRAP1 inhibitor, with antiproliferative activity. 6BrCaQ can be used in the synthesis of 6BrCaQ-TPP conjugates .

HY-15877

BTB06584 2 Publications Verification	ATP Synthase	Cancer
BTB06584 is a selective and IF1-dependent mitochondrial F₁F_o-ATPase inhibitor without compromising ATP synthesis. BTB06584 can delays ischaemic cell death .

HY-N8713

4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone	Reactive Oxygen Species	Neurological Disease
4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone can be used for the synthesis of N-hydroxypyridone derivatives, which can protect astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity via improved mitochondrial functionality .

HY-148165

L-Cytidine	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog	Neurological Disease
L-Cytidine is an L-configurational form of Cytidine (HY-B0158). L-Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside, a component of RNA. Cytidine can control the glial glutamate cycle, affect brain phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis and mitochondrial function .

HY-B0158S

Cytidine-d2 Cytosine β-D-riboside-d₂; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside-d₂	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
Cytidine-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3].

HY-P2994

3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 3-HBDH	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (3-HBDH) is a mitochondrial enzyme, is often used in biochemical studies. 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase is involved in the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies and butanoate metabolism. 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase catalyzes (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate converts into acetoacetate .

HY-B0158S6

Cytidine-15N3 Cytosine β-D-riboside-¹⁵N₃; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside-¹⁵N₃	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
Cytidine- ¹⁵N₃ is the ¹⁵N labeled Cytidine[1]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[2][3][4].

HY-163771

Pyruvate Carboxylase-IN-5	Others	Metabolic Disease
Pyruvate Carboxylase-IN-5 (compound 6m) is a pyruvate carboxylase inhibitor with high selectivity and permeability. Pyruvate carboxylase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, a process that plays an important role in maintaining steady-state levels of Krebs cycle intermediates, which are precursors for the synthesis of biomacromolecules such as amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose .

HY-B0158S5

Cytidine-13C9,15N3 Cytosine β-D-riboside-¹³C₉,¹⁵N₃; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside-¹³C₉,¹⁵N₃	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
Cytidine- ¹³C₉, ¹⁵N₃ is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled Cytidine[1]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[2][3][4].

HY-126617

Duclauxin NSC 258308	Others	Cancer
Duclauxin decreases proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and increases the lifespan of mice innoculated with Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells. Duclauxin (10-30 μg/mL) inhibits mitochondrial respiration of P-388 tumor cells and nucleic acid synthesis in cell culture of Ehrlich cancer, the lymphadenomas NK/LI and L 5178, and sarcoma 37. Duclauxin also inhibits growth of wheat coleoptile.

HY-B0158R

Cytidine (Standard)	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease
Cytidine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cytidine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function . In Vivo:Cytidine decreases glutamate/glutamine levels and induces earlier improvement of depressive symptoms .

HY-N12486A

(3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol	Others	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
(3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol is a natural polyacetylene compound found in carrot root parts. (3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol is a potent longevity promoter that improves glucose metabolism and has anti-tumor activity. (3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol can affect cellular respiration, interact with the α subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase, and promote mitochondrial biogenesis. (3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and aging .

HY-B0863

Glyphosate	Apoptosis Autophagy Necroptosis	Neurological Disease
Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate inhibits the enzymatic activity of the 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Glyphosate induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death by autophagia, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders .

HY-W016409

Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate 1 Publications Verification Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Reactive Oxygen Species NO Synthase Autophagy Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Ethyl protocatechuate), an antioxidant, is a prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor found in the testa of peanut seeds. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate protects myocardium by activating NO synthase and generating mitochondrial ROS. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate induces cell autophagy and apoptosis in ESCC cells. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is a collagen synthesis inhibitor and has a bone protecting-effect .

HY-B0158S8

Cytidine-d13 Cytosine β-D-riboside-d₁₃; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside-d₁₃	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Endogenous Metabolite Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Neurological Disease
Cytidine-d13 (Cytosine β-D-riboside-d13; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside-d13) is deuterium labeled Cytidine (HY-B0158). Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function .

HY-B0158S7

Cytidine-13C9 Cytosine β-D-riboside-¹³C₉; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside-¹³C₉	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Endogenous Metabolite Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Neurological Disease
Cytidine- ¹³C9 (Cytosine β-D-riboside- ¹³C9; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside- ¹³C9) is ¹³C labeled Cytidine (HY-B0158). Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function .

HY-B0863B

Glyphosate isopropylammonium	Apoptosis Autophagy Necroptosis	Neurological Disease
Glyphosate isopropylammonium, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate isopropylammonium inhibits the enzymatic activity of the 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Glyphosate isopropylammonium induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death by autophagia, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders .

HY-16350

BOLD-100 NKP-1339; IT-139; KP-1339	DNA/RNA Synthesis Apoptosis	Cancer
BOLD-100 (NKP-1339; IT-139) is the first-in-class ruthenium-based anticancer agent in development against solid cancer with limited side effects. BOLD-100 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, blockage of DNA synthesis, and induction of apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. BOLD-100 has a high tumor targeting potential, strongly binds to serum proteins such as albumin and transferrin and activates in the reductive tumor milieu .

HY-W010201

Citronellol 2 Publications Verification (±)-Citronellol; (±)-β-Citronellol	Reactive Oxygen Species ERK PI3K TNF Receptor Atg8/LC3 p62 Apoptosis Necroptosis Autophagy Fungal	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Cancer
Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis .

HY-151292

Antitumor agent-74	DNA/RNA Synthesis	Cancer
Antitumor agent-74 (compound 13da) is a quinoxalines derivative, an antitumor agent. Antitumor agent-74 exhibits more potent efficacy on tumor inhibition, mixed with regioisomer Antitumor agent-75 (HY-151295, compound 14 da) (mriBIQ 13da/14da). mriBIQ 13da/14da attests cell cycle at S phase, inhibits DNA synthesis, and induces mithochondrial apoptosis .

HY-P1925A

GO-203 TFA 2 Publications Verification	PI3K Reactive Oxygen Species Apoptosis	Cancer
GO-203 TFA is a potent MUC1-C oncoprotein inhibitor. GO-203 TFA is an all D-amino acid peptide that consists of a poly-R transduction domain linked to a CQCRRKN motif that binds to the MUC1-C cytoplasmic tail and blocks MUC1-C homodimerization. GO-203 TFA downregulates TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) protein synthesis by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-S6K1 pathway. GO-203 TFA induces the production of ROS and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. GO-203 TFA inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro and as xenografts in nude mice .

HY-W010201R

Citronellol (Standard) (±)-Citronellol (Standard); (±)-β-Citronellol (Standard)	Reactive Oxygen Species ERK PI3K TNF Receptor Atg8/LC3 p62 Apoptosis Necroptosis Autophagy Fungal	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Cancer
Citronellol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citronellol. Citronellol (Standard) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol (Standard) can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol (Standard) can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol (Standard) can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol (Standard) exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis .

HY-112747

Soy PE LPI; PE (soy)	Phospholipase	Infection
Phosphatidylethanolamine is the most abundant phospholipid in prokaryotes and the second most abundant found in the membrane of mammalian, plant, and yeast cells, comprising approximately 25% of total mammalian phospholipids. In the brain, phosphatidylethanolamine comprises almost half of the total phospholipids. It is synthesized mainly through the cytidine diphosphate-ethanolamine and phosphatidylserine decarboxylation pathways, which occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial membranes, respectively. It is a precursor in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and arachidonoyl ethanolamide and is a source of ethanolamine used in various cellular functions. In E. coli, phosphatidylethanolamine deficiency prevents proper assembly of lactose permease, suggesting a role as a lipid chaperone. It is a cofactor in the propagation of prions in vitro and can convert recombinant mammalian proteins into infectious molecules even in the absence of RNA. This product contains phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species with variable fatty acyl chain lengths at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions.

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L155

Mitochondrial Toxicity Compound Library	483 compounds
Mitochondria, as the main place of energy supply in life, is essential to maintain normal life activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with common diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. The heart, brain and liver rely heavily on mitochondrial function as the main organs for drug metabolism. In addition, mitochondria is also a target of many drugs, some of which induce organotoxicity by inducing mitochondrial toxicity. MCE contains 483 mitochondrial toxic compounds, which can be used as tool compounds for drug development and disease mechanism research.

Mitochondrial Toxicity Compound Library

483 compounds

Mitochondria, as the main place of energy supply in life, is essential to maintain normal life activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with common diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer. The heart, brain and liver rely heavily on mitochondrial function as the main organs for drug metabolism. In addition, mitochondria is also a target of many drugs, some of which induce organotoxicity by inducing mitochondrial toxicity.

MCE contains 483 mitochondrial toxic compounds, which can be used as tool compounds for drug development and disease mechanism research.

HY-L064

Glutamine Metabolism Compound Library	980 compounds
Glutamine is an important metabolic fuel that helps rapidly proliferating cells meet the increased demand for ATP, biosynthetic precursors, and reducing agents. Glutamine Metabolism pathway involves the initial deamination of glutamine by glutaminase(GLS), yielding glutamate and ammonia. Glutamate is converted to the TCA cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) by either glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) or by the alanine or aspartate transaminases (TAs), to produce both ATP and anabolic carbons for the synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides and lipids. During periods of hypoxia or mitochondrial dysfunction, α-KG can be converted to citrate in a reductive carboxylation reaction catalyzed by IDH2. The newly formed citrate exits the mitochondria where it is used to synthesize fatty acids and amino acids and produce the reducing agent, NADPH. Cancer cells display an altered metabolic circuitry that is directly regulated by oncogenic mutations and loss of tumor suppressors. Mounting evidence indicates that altered glutamine metabolism in cancer cells has critical roles in supporting macromolecule biosynthesis, regulating signaling pathways, and maintaining redox homeostasis, all of which contribute to cancer cell proliferation and survival. Thus, intervention in glutamine metabolic processes could provide novel approaches to improve cancer treatment. MCE owns a unique collection of 980 compounds targeting the mainly proteins and enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism pathway. Glutamine Metabolism compound library is a useful tool for intervention in glutamine metabolic processes.

Glutamine Metabolism Compound Library

980 compounds

Glutamine is an important metabolic fuel that helps rapidly proliferating cells meet the increased demand for ATP, biosynthetic precursors, and reducing agents. Glutamine Metabolism pathway involves the initial deamination of glutamine by glutaminase(GLS), yielding glutamate and ammonia. Glutamate is converted to the TCA cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) by either glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) or by the alanine or aspartate transaminases (TAs), to produce both ATP and anabolic carbons for the synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides and lipids. During periods of hypoxia or mitochondrial dysfunction, α-KG can be converted to citrate in a reductive carboxylation reaction catalyzed by IDH2. The newly formed citrate exits the mitochondria where it is used to synthesize fatty acids and amino acids and produce the reducing agent, NADPH.

Cancer cells display an altered metabolic circuitry that is directly regulated by oncogenic mutations and loss of tumor suppressors. Mounting evidence indicates that altered glutamine metabolism in cancer cells has critical roles in supporting macromolecule biosynthesis, regulating signaling pathways, and maintaining redox homeostasis, all of which contribute to cancer cell proliferation and survival. Thus, intervention in glutamine metabolic processes could provide novel approaches to improve cancer treatment.

MCE owns a unique collection of 980 compounds targeting the mainly proteins and enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism pathway. Glutamine Metabolism compound library is a useful tool for intervention in glutamine metabolic processes.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P1925A

GO-203 TFA 2 Publications Verification	PI3K Reactive Oxygen Species Apoptosis	Cancer
GO-203 TFA is a potent MUC1-C oncoprotein inhibitor. GO-203 TFA is an all D-amino acid peptide that consists of a poly-R transduction domain linked to a CQCRRKN motif that binds to the MUC1-C cytoplasmic tail and blocks MUC1-C homodimerization. GO-203 TFA downregulates TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) protein synthesis by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-S6K1 pathway. GO-203 TFA induces the production of ROS and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. GO-203 TFA inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro and as xenografts in nude mice .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-W010382

Oxaloacetic acid 2-Oxosuccinic acid	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Other disease Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source classification Disease markers Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields	Endogenous Metabolite Reactive Oxygen Species
Oxaloacetic acid (2-Oxosuccinic acid) is a metabolic intermediate involved in several ways, such as citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis, whereby Oxaloacetic acid facilitates the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improves mitochondrial function .

HY-B0158

Cytidine 3 Publications Verification Cytosine β-D-riboside; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms other families Animals Source classification Disease markers Nervous System Disorder Plants Endogenous metabolite	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Endogenous Metabolite
Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function .

HY-B0863

Glyphosate	Microorganisms Source classification	Apoptosis Autophagy Necroptosis
Glyphosate, a non-selective systemic biocide with broad-spectrum activity, is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate inhibits the enzymatic activity of the 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Glyphosate induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, processes that lead to neuronal death by autophagia, necrosis, or apoptosis, as well as the appearance of behavioral and motor disorders .

HY-W016409

Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate 1 Publications Verification Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester	Structural Classification Arachis hypogaea L. Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Source classification Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields	HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Reactive Oxygen Species NO Synthase Autophagy Apoptosis
Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Ethyl protocatechuate), an antioxidant, is a prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor found in the testa of peanut seeds. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate protects myocardium by activating NO synthase and generating mitochondrial ROS. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate induces cell autophagy and apoptosis in ESCC cells. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate is a collagen synthesis inhibitor and has a bone protecting-effect .

HY-W010201

Citronellol 2 Publications Verification (±)-Citronellol; (±)-β-Citronellol	Structural Classification Other Monoterpenes Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Source classification Plants Geraniaceae Disease Research Fields Cancer	Reactive Oxygen Species ERK PI3K TNF Receptor Atg8/LC3 p62 Apoptosis Necroptosis Autophagy Fungal
Citronellol ((±)-Citronellol) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis .

HY-N8713

4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Source classification Other Diseases Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Plants Nymphaeaceae Disease Research Fields	Reactive Oxygen Species
4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone can be used for the synthesis of N-hydroxypyridone derivatives, which can protect astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity via improved mitochondrial functionality .

HY-B0158R

Cytidine (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms other families Animals Source classification Disease markers Nervous System Disorder Plants Endogenous metabolite	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog Endogenous Metabolite
Cytidine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cytidine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function . In Vivo:Cytidine decreases glutamate/glutamine levels and induces earlier improvement of depressive symptoms .

HY-N12486A

(3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol	Structural Classification Natural Products Daucus carota L. Source classification Umbelliferae Plants	Others
(3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol is a natural polyacetylene compound found in carrot root parts. (3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol is a potent longevity promoter that improves glucose metabolism and has anti-tumor activity. (3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol can affect cellular respiration, interact with the α subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase, and promote mitochondrial biogenesis. (3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and aging .

HY-W010201R

Citronellol (Standard) (±)-Citronellol (Standard); (±)-β-Citronellol (Standard)	Structural Classification Other Monoterpenes Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Source classification Plants Geraniaceae Disease Research Fields Cancer	Reactive Oxygen Species ERK PI3K TNF Receptor Atg8/LC3 p62 Apoptosis Necroptosis Autophagy Fungal
Citronellol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citronellol. Citronellol (Standard) is an orally active inducer of apoptosis. Citronellol (Standard) can prevent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y cell Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA by regulating the ROS-NO, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Citronellol (Standard) can induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells through the TNF-α pathway and accumulation of ROS. Citronellol (Standard) can reduce the levels of LC-3 and p62 to regulate the autophagy pathway, inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus have neuroprotective effects on Parkinson's rats. Citronellol (Standard) exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-B0158S

Cytidine-d2
Cytidine-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Cytidine. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[1][2][3].

HY-B0158S7

Cytidine-13C9
Cytidine- ¹³C9 (Cytosine β-D-riboside- ¹³C9; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside- ¹³C9) is ¹³C labeled Cytidine (HY-B0158). Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function .

HY-B0158S6

Cytidine-15N3
Cytidine- ¹⁵N₃ is the ¹⁵N labeled Cytidine[1]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[2][3][4].

HY-B0158S5

Cytidine-13C9,15N3
Cytidine- ¹³C₉, ¹⁵N₃ is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled Cytidine[1]. Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function[2][3][4].

HY-B0158S8

Cytidine-d13
Cytidine-d13 (Cytosine β-D-riboside-d13; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside-d13) is deuterium labeled Cytidine (HY-B0158). Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-B0158

Cytidine 3 Publications Verification Cytosine β-D-riboside; Cytosine-1-β-D-ribofuranoside		Nucleosides and their Analogs
Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside and acts as a component of RNA. Cytidine is a precursor of uridine. Cytidine controls neuronal-glial glutamate cycling, affecting cerebral phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis, and mitochondrial function .

HY-158820

Cosdosiran QPI-1007		siRNAs
Cosdosiran is a chemically modified siRNA designed to temporarily inhibit expression of the caspase 2 protein and can be used for the study of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and other optic neuropathies such as glaucoma that result in the death of retinal ganglion cells.?

HY-158820A

Cosdosiran sodium QPI-1007 sodium		siRNAs
Cosdosiran sodium is a chemically modified siRNA designed to temporarily inhibit expression of the caspase 2 protein and can be used for the study of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and other optic neuropathies such as glaucoma that result in the death of retinal ganglion cells.?

HY-148165

L-Cytidine		Nucleosides and their Analogs
L-Cytidine is an L-configurational form of Cytidine (HY-B0158). L-Cytidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside, a component of RNA. Cytidine can control the glial glutamate cycle, affect brain phospholipid metabolism, catecholamine synthesis and mitochondrial function .

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Mitochondrial synthesis

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