Trimethylamine N-oxide

Name: Trimethylamine N-oxide
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-116084
Rating: 5.0 (4 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-116084 Purity: ≥98.0%: FAQs
Data Sheet SDS COA Handling Instructions

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Trimethylamine N-oxide is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Trimethylamine N-oxide Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 1184-78-7

Size	Price	Stock	Quantity

Free Sample (0.1 - 0.5 mg)		Apply Now
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	USD 33	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	USD 33	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
500 mg	USD 30	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
1 g	USD 50	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 g		Get quote
10 g		Get quote

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Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Trimethylamine N-oxide:

Trimethylamine N-oxide-d₉ Get quote
Trimethylamine-N-oxide-¹³C₃ Get quote
Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate Get quote

4 Publications Citing Use of MCE Trimethylamine N-oxide

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•Related Screening Libraries:

•Related Small Molecules:

•Related Proteins:

View All NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoform Specific Products:

View All Isoforms

NLRP3 NLRP1 NOD1 NOD2

Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

NLRP3

Microbial Metabolite

Human Endogenous Metabolite

In Vitro

The size and migration of fibroblasts are increased after Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) treatment compared with non-treated fibroblasts in vitro. Trimethylamine N-oxide increases TGF-β receptor I expression, which promotes the phosphorylation of Smad2 and up-regulates the expression of α-SMA and collagen I. The ubiquitination of TGF-βRI is decreased in neonatal mouse fibroblasts after Trimethylamine N-oxide treatment. Trimethylamine N-oxide also inhibits the expression of smurf2^[2].
Trimethylamine N-oxide is frequently found in the tissues of a variety of marine organisms that protects against the adverse effects of temperature, salinity, high urea and hydrostatic pressure^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Trimethylamine N-oxide can be used in animal modeling to construct models of cardiac fibrosis.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) contributes to cardiovascular diseases by promoting inflammatory responses. C57BL/6 mice are fed a normal diet, high-choline diet and/or 3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) diet. The levels of Trimethylamine N-oxide and choline are increased in choline-fed mice. Left ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary congestion, and diastolic dysfunction are markedly exacerbated in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) mice fed high-choline diets compared with mice fed the control diet. Myocardial fibrosis and inflammation were markedly increased in HFpEF mice fed high-choline diets compared with animals fed the control diet^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Molecular Weight

75.11

Formula

C₃H₉NO

CAS No.

1184-78-7

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

CN(C)(C)=O

Structure Classification

Others

Initial Source

Microorganisms

Host intestinal bacteria

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 100 mg/mL (1331.38 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (1331.38 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	13.3138 mL	66.5690 mL	133.1381 mL
5 mM	2.6628 mL	13.3138 mL	26.6276 mL
10 mM	1.3314 mL	6.6569 mL	13.3138 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (33.28 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (33.28 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (33.28 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (1331.38 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Purity & Documentation

Purity: ≥98.0%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (273 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (243 KB) HNMR (206 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Wei Shuai, et al. High-choline Diet Exacerbates Cardiac Dysfunction, Fibrosis, and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Card Fail. 2020 May 14;S1071-9164(19)31802-0. [Content Brief]

[2]. Wenlong Yang, et al. Gut Microbe-Derived Metabolite Trimethylamine N-oxide Accelerates Fibroblast-Myofibroblast Differentiation and Induces Cardiac Fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2019 Sep;134:119-130. [Content Brief]

[3]. Manuel T Velasquez, et al. Trimethylamine N-Oxide: The Good, the Bad and the Unknown. Toxins (Basel). 2016 Nov 8;8(11):326. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	13.3138 mL	66.5690 mL	133.1381 mL	332.8452 mL
	5 mM	2.6628 mL	13.3138 mL	26.6276 mL	66.5690 mL
	10 mM	1.3314 mL	6.6569 mL	13.3138 mL	33.2845 mL
	15 mM	0.8876 mL	4.4379 mL	8.8759 mL	22.1897 mL
	20 mM	0.6657 mL	3.3285 mL	6.6569 mL	16.6423 mL
	25 mM	0.5326 mL	2.6628 mL	5.3255 mL	13.3138 mL
	30 mM	0.4438 mL	2.2190 mL	4.4379 mL	11.0948 mL
	40 mM	0.3328 mL	1.6642 mL	3.3285 mL	8.3211 mL
	50 mM	0.2663 mL	1.3314 mL	2.6628 mL	6.6569 mL
	60 mM	0.2219 mL	1.1095 mL	2.2190 mL	5.5474 mL
	80 mM	0.1664 mL	0.8321 mL	1.6642 mL	4.1606 mL
	100 mM	0.1331 mL	0.6657 mL	1.3314 mL	3.3285 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.