2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Tyrosinase Endogenous Metabolite
  4. 2-Ketoglutaric acid

2-Ketoglutaric acid  (Synonyms: Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid)

Cat. No.: HY-W013636 Purity: 99.90%
SDS COA Handling Instructions

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2-Ketoglutaric acid (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle. 2-Ketoglutaric acid also acts as the major carbon skeleton for nitrogen-assimilatory reactions. 2-Ketoglutaric acid is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC50=15 mM).

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

2-Ketoglutaric acid Chemical Structure

2-Ketoglutaric acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 328-50-7

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Based on 3 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of 2-Ketoglutaric acid:

2-Ketoglutaric acid Related Antibodies

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Description

2-Ketoglutaric acid (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) is an intermediate in the production of ATP or GTP in the Krebs cycle. 2-Ketoglutaric acid also acts as the major carbon skeleton for nitrogen-assimilatory reactions. 2-Ketoglutaric acid is a reversible inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC50=15 mM)[1].

IC50 & Target[1]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

Microbial Metabolite

 

Tyrosinase

15 mM (IC50)

Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
HEK293 EC50
54 μM
Compound: 164533
Substrate uptake by the Na(+)/Dicarboxylate Cotransporter 3 (NADC3, SLC13A3) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC13A3 cells
Substrate uptake by the Na(+)/Dicarboxylate Cotransporter 3 (NADC3, SLC13A3) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC13A3 cells
10.5281/zenodo.7360495
In Vitro

2-Ketoglutaric acid (Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid) has other physiological capabilities including reduction of ammonia level formed in the lung and general ammonia detoxification, protective role against lipid peroxidation and neuroprotective effect against cyanide poisoning[1].
2-Ketoglutaric acid acts as precursor for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

2-Ketoglutaric acid Related Antibodies
Molecular Weight

146.10

Formula

C5H6O5
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

Off-white to light yellow

SMILES

OC(=O)CCC(=O)C(O)=O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 250 mg/mL (1711.16 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 50 mg/mL (342.23 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 6.8446 mL 34.2231 mL 68.4463 mL
5 mM 1.3689 mL 6.8446 mL 13.6893 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.24 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (14.24 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 100 mg/mL (684.46 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.90%

SDS (476 KB)

COA (244 KB) HNMR (269 KB) RP-HPLC (257 KB) LCMS (259 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 6.8446 mL 34.2231 mL 68.4463 mL 171.1157 mL
5 mM 1.3689 mL 6.8446 mL 13.6893 mL 34.2231 mL
10 mM 0.6845 mL 3.4223 mL 6.8446 mL 17.1116 mL
15 mM 0.4563 mL 2.2815 mL 4.5631 mL 11.4077 mL
20 mM 0.3422 mL 1.7112 mL 3.4223 mL 8.5558 mL
25 mM 0.2738 mL 1.3689 mL 2.7379 mL 6.8446 mL
30 mM 0.2282 mL 1.1408 mL 2.2815 mL 5.7039 mL
40 mM 0.1711 mL 0.8556 mL 1.7112 mL 4.2779 mL
50 mM 0.1369 mL 0.6845 mL 1.3689 mL 3.4223 mL
60 mM 0.1141 mL 0.5704 mL 1.1408 mL 2.8519 mL
80 mM 0.0856 mL 0.4278 mL 0.8556 mL 2.1389 mL
100 mM 0.0684 mL 0.3422 mL 0.6845 mL 1.7112 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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2-Ketoglutaric acid Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

2-Ketoglutaric acid328-50-7Alpha-Ketoglutaric acidTyrosinaseEndogenous MetaboliteintermediateprecursorTCAcarbonskeletonInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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