2. Induced Disease Models Products GPCR/G Protein Neuronal Signaling Autophagy Immunology/Inflammation MAPK/ERK Pathway Apoptosis
  3. Nervous System Disease Models Dopamine Receptor Autophagy Mitophagy COX PGE synthase Interleukin Related p38 MAPK Apoptosis Caspase
  4. Parkinson's Disease Models
  5. Oxidopamine hydrochloride

Oxidopamine hydrochloride  (Synonyms: 6-Hydroxydopamine Hydrochloride)

Cat. No.: HY-B1081 Purity: 99.71%
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Oxidopamine (6-OHDA) hydrochloride is an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Oxidopamine hydrochloride is a widely used neurotoxin and selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons. Oxidopamine hydrochloride promotes COX-2 activation, leading to PGE2 synthesis and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β secretion. Oxidopamine hydrochloride can be used for the research of Parkinson’s disease (PD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

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Oxidopamine hydrochloride Chemical Structure

Oxidopamine hydrochloride Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 28094-15-7

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Based on 19 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Oxidopamine hydrochloride:

Oxidopamine hydrochloride Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

View All Dopamine Receptor Isoform Specific Products:

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Dopamine Receptor D1 Receptor D2 Receptor D3 Receptor D4 Receptor D5 Receptor

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COX COX-1 COX-2 COX-3

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IL-1 IL-2 IL-3 IL-4 IL-5 IL-6 IL-8 IL-10 IL-12 IL-13 IL-15 IL-17 IL-23 IL-7 IL-33 IL-22

View All p38 MAPK Isoform Specific Products:

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p38 MAPK p38α p38β MAPK13 p38δ p38γ

View All Caspase Isoform Specific Products:

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Caspase 1 Caspase 2 Caspase 3 Caspase 4 Caspase 5 Caspase 6 Caspase 7 Caspase 8 Caspase 9 Caspase 10 Caspase 12 Caspase Caspase 11 Caspase-13

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Description

Oxidopamine (6-OHDA) hydrochloride is an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Oxidopamine hydrochloride is a widely used neurotoxin and selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons. Oxidopamine hydrochloride promotes COX-2 activation, leading to PGE2 synthesis and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β secretion. Oxidopamine hydrochloride can be used for the research of Parkinson’s disease (PD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome[1][2][3][4].

IC50 & Target

COX-2

 

IL-1β

 

Caspase-3

 

Caspase-8

 

Caspase-9

 

In Vitro

Oxidopamine hydrochloride (0-500 μM, 24 h) decreases the viability of both Neuro-2a cells and SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration-dependent manner[1].
Oxidopamine hydrochloride (75-150 μM, 0-24 h) induces COX-2 expression and nuclear translocation[1].
Oxidopamine hydrochloride (75-150 μM, 0-24 h) causes PGE2 biosynthesis and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β production[1].
Oxidopamine hydrochloride (0-150 μM, 12 h) induces apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane depolarization of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells[3].
Oxidopamine hydrochloride (75 μM, 0-12 h) induces p38 phosphorylation[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Oxidopamine hydrochloride Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[1]

Cell Line: Neuro-2a cells and SH-SY5Y cells
Concentration: 0-500 µM
Incubation Time: 24 or 48 h
Result: Induced neurotoxicity, caused cytotoxicity in both Neuro-2a cells and SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration dependent manner. EC50=111 µM for 24 h incubation and 109 µM for 48 h incubation in the Neuro-2a cells; EC50=118 µM for 24 h incubation and 107 µM for 48 h incubation in the SH-SY5Y cells.

RT-PCR[1]

Cell Line: Neuro-2a cells and SH-SY5Y cells
Concentration: 75 or 150 µM
Incubation Time: 0, 6 or 24 h
Result: Quickly and robustly induced COX-2 in a time-dependent manner. Induced COX-2 activation characterized by expression induction and nuclear translocation. Substantially increased PGE2 in the culture medium by nearly 5-fold in Neuro-2a cells (at 75 µM) and 3-fold in SH-SY5Y cells (at 150 µM). Significantly upregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) within Neuro-2a cells and SH-SY5Y cells.

Apoptosis Analysis[3]

Cell Line: PC12 cells
Concentration: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 150 μM
Incubation Time: 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 20 h
Result: Induced apoptosis of PC12 cells. Increased the activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 in PC12 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Increased these caspase activities at 2-4 h and reached a maximum at 12 h. Decreased cells with high mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 aggregate) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.

Western Blot Analysis[3]

Cell Line: PC12 cells
Concentration: 75 μM
Incubation Time: 0, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h
Result: Increased the level of p-p38 in a time-dependent manner.
In Vivo

Oxidopamine (6-OHDA) hydrochloride can induce Parkinson's disease models[5][6].

Induction of Parkinson's disease model[5][6]
Background
The chemical structure of Oxidopamine (6-OHDA) hydrochloride is similar to dopamine (DA), enabling it to compete with DA for uptake sites and be subsequently taken into cells. Once inside the cells, oxidopamine hydrochloride can be oxidized and decomposed, generating reactive oxygen species, which further produce oxygen free radicals through MAO (monoamine oxidase) or directly cause mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the death of dopaminergic neurons.
Specific Mmodeling Methods
Rat: Sprague-Dawley (SD) • Male • 200-250 g •
Administration: 5μg/2μL/site • stereotaxically injected in the fight striatum • single dose.
Note
(1) Lesions were made by the unilateral injection of Oxidopamine hydrochloride (5 μg in 2 μl/site) into the right striatum at the two coordinates:
① AP, ?0.7; L, ?3.0; DV, ?5.5 and 4.5 mm from Bregma.
② AP, ?0.2; L, ?2.6; DV, ?5.5 and 4.5 mm from Bregma.
The two coordinates were injected Oxidopamine hydrochloride 10 μg in 4 μl/2 sites.
(2) Oxidopamine hydrochloride was prepared freshly in dark to avoid autooxidation, and was administered using a 5 μl microinjector at a rate of 0.5 μl/min. The syringe was left in place for 5 min before slowly retracting it to allow for toxin diffusion and prevent the toxin reflux.
(3) On the 56th day after the injury, the animals were decapitated under deep halothane anesthesia. Their brains were quickly removed from the skull, rinsed with chilled saline, and tissue samples containing the caudate-putamen head were dissected from both the lesioned and unlesioned striata on ice.
(4) The animals were housed in an environment with a 12-hour light/dark cycle, with the temperature maintained at 22-23°C. They were allowed free access to food and tap water.
Modeling Indicators
Behavioral monitoring: Rats exhibit rotation with a rotation count greater than 210 r/30 min.
Molecular changes: Elevated levels of COX-2, TNF-α mRNA, and COX-2 protein.
Histopathological changes: Chromatin condensation into clumps around the nucleus, along with evident mitochondrial swelling and vacuolation. Induced nigrostriatal nerve terminal lesions. Decreased striatal dopamine levels and reduced number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cells in the ipsilateral substantia nigra, accompanied by long-term significant atrophy of remaining dopaminergic neurons.
Correlated Product(s): /
Opposite Product(s): Resveratrol (HY-16561)

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Molecular Weight

205.64

Formula

C8H12ClNO3
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to gray

SMILES

OC1=CC(CCN)=C(O)C=C1O.[H]Cl
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, stored under nitrogen

*The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 100 mg/mL (486.29 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 83.33 mg/mL (405.22 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 4.8629 mL 24.3143 mL 48.6287 mL
5 mM 0.9726 mL 4.8629 mL 9.7257 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.11 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.11 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 100 mg/mL (486.29 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.91%

SDS (393 KB)

COA (248 KB) HNMR (255 KB) LCMS (264 KB) Elemental Analysis Report (106 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO / H2O 1 mM 4.8629 mL 24.3143 mL 48.6287 mL 121.5717 mL
5 mM 0.9726 mL 4.8629 mL 9.7257 mL 24.3143 mL
10 mM 0.4863 mL 2.4314 mL 4.8629 mL 12.1572 mL
15 mM 0.3242 mL 1.6210 mL 3.2419 mL 8.1048 mL
20 mM 0.2431 mL 1.2157 mL 2.4314 mL 6.0786 mL
25 mM 0.1945 mL 0.9726 mL 1.9451 mL 4.8629 mL
30 mM 0.1621 mL 0.8105 mL 1.6210 mL 4.0524 mL
40 mM 0.1216 mL 0.6079 mL 1.2157 mL 3.0393 mL
50 mM 0.0973 mL 0.4863 mL 0.9726 mL 2.4314 mL
60 mM 0.0810 mL 0.4052 mL 0.8105 mL 2.0262 mL
80 mM 0.0608 mL 0.3039 mL 0.6079 mL 1.5196 mL
100 mM 0.0486 mL 0.2431 mL 0.4863 mL 1.2157 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Oxidopamine hydrochloride Related Classifications

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    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Oxidopamine28094-15-76-HydroxydopamineDopamine ReceptorAutophagyMitophagyCOXPGE synthaseInterleukin Relatedp38 MAPKApoptosisCaspaseMitochondrial AutophagyCyclooxygenaseProstaglandin E synthaseILneurotoxicityParkinson’s diseaseNeuro-2a cellsSH-SY5Y cellsattention-deficit hyperactivity disorderLesch-Nyhan syndromePC12 cellsp-p38PGE2Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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