2. Anti-infection Neuronal Signaling
  3. Bacterial Antibiotic CaMK
  4. (-)-Limonene

(-)-Limonene  (Synonyms: (S)-(-)-Limonene)

Cat. No.: HY-Z0478 Purity: ≥95.0%
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(-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is orally active and can cause mild bronchoconstriction. (-)-Limonene alleviates cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress by inhibiting the increase of calcium ions (Ca2+) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). It also exerts anti-stress effects by inhibiting the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Additionally, (-)-Limonene can be used as an antibacterial agent in aquaculture.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

(-)-Limonene Chemical Structure

(-)-Limonene Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 5989-54-8

Size Price Stock Quantity
Liquid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 USD 55 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO USD 55 In-stock
Liquid
100 mg USD 50 In-stock
200 mg   Get quote  
500 mg   Get quote  

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of (-)-Limonene:

(-)-Limonene Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

1 Publications Citing Use of MCE (-)-Limonene

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Aminoglycoside Glycopeptide Lipopeptide Macrolide Oxazolidinone Quinolone Tetracycline β-lactam

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CaMK III CaMK II

  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

  • References

  • Customer Review

Description

(-)-Limonene ((S)-(-)-Limonene) is orally active and can cause mild bronchoconstriction. (-)-Limonene alleviates cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress by inhibiting the increase of calcium ions (Ca2+) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). It also exerts anti-stress effects by inhibiting the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Additionally, (-)-Limonene can be used as an antibacterial agent in aquaculture[1][2][3][4].

IC50 & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

CaMK II

 

In Vitro

(-)-Limonene (3.125-6400 μg/mL, 24 h) strongly inhibits Aeromonas hydrophila biofilm formation[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

(-)-Limonene Related Antibodies
In Vivo

(-)-Limonene (5-50 mg/kg, p.o., once daily for 1 week) can inhibit hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in male Wistar rats[3].
(-)-Limonene (1 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) alleviates isoproterenol (HY-B1670A)-induced myocardial infarction in a Wistar rat model of heart attack[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Isoproterenol (HY-B1670A)-induced myocardial infarction Wistar rats model (200 to 250g)[4]
Dosage: 1 mg/kg
Administration: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), single dose
Result: Restored endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities, restored the oxidative status of the infarcted heart and attenuated most of the cardiac remodeling observed in anIsoproterenol (HY-B1670A) myocardial infarction.
Animal Model: Wistar male rats[3]
Dosage: 5, 25, 50 mg/kg
Administration: Oral gavage (p.o.),once daily for 1 week
Result: Significantly decreased the concentration of glutamate (Glu) (25-50 mg/kg) and dose-dependently increased the concentration of GABA ((γ-Aminobutyric Acid)) in the whole brain.
Significantly increased the 5-HIAA (5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid)/5-HT (5-Hydroxytryptamine) ratio and decreased the concentration of 5-HT.
Molecular Weight

136.23

Formula

C10H16
CAS No.
Appearance

Liquid (Density: 0.844 g/cm3)

Color

Colorless to light yellow

SMILES

CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)=C)CC1
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (734.05 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 50 mg/mL (367.03 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 7.3405 mL 36.7026 mL 73.4053 mL
5 mM 1.4681 mL 7.3405 mL 14.6811 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (18.35 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (18.35 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

    This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 50 mg/mL (367.03 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 7.3405 mL 36.7026 mL 73.4053 mL 183.5132 mL
5 mM 1.4681 mL 7.3405 mL 14.6811 mL 36.7026 mL
10 mM 0.7341 mL 3.6703 mL 7.3405 mL 18.3513 mL
15 mM 0.4894 mL 2.4468 mL 4.8937 mL 12.2342 mL
20 mM 0.3670 mL 1.8351 mL 3.6703 mL 9.1757 mL
25 mM 0.2936 mL 1.4681 mL 2.9362 mL 7.3405 mL
30 mM 0.2447 mL 1.2234 mL 2.4468 mL 6.1171 mL
40 mM 0.1835 mL 0.9176 mL 1.8351 mL 4.5878 mL
50 mM 0.1468 mL 0.7341 mL 1.4681 mL 3.6703 mL
60 mM 0.1223 mL 0.6117 mL 1.2234 mL 3.0586 mL
80 mM 0.0918 mL 0.4588 mL 0.9176 mL 2.2939 mL
100 mM 0.0734 mL 0.3670 mL 0.7341 mL 1.8351 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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(-)-Limonene Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

(-)-Limonene5989-54-8(S)-(-)-LimoneneBacterialAntibioticCaMKCalmodulin-dependent protein kinasesCalmodulin-dependent kinasesIsoproterenol (HY-B1670A)-induced myocardial infarction Wistar rats modelWistar male ratsAntibacterialAntioxidative stressInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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