Hydroxyurea (Synonyms: Hydroxycarbamide)

Name: Hydroxyurea
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-B0313
Rating: 5.0 (17 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-B0313 Purity: 99.34%: FAQs
Data Sheet SDS COA Handling Instructions

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Hydroxyurea is a cell apoptosis inducer that inhibit DNA synthesis through inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. Hydroxyurea shows anti-orthopoxvirus activity.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Hydroxyurea Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 127-07-1

Size	Price	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	USD 61	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	USD 61	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
500 mg	USD 55	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
1 g	USD 66	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 g	USD 86	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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Based on 17 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Hydroxyurea:

Hydroxyurea (Standard) Get quote

16 Publications Citing Use of MCE Hydroxyurea

: Hydroxyurea purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Differ. 2023 Feb 7. [Abstract]; The interaction between MARVELD1 and PARP1 is greatly enhanced following exposure to Hydroxyurea (HU) in HeLa (8 mM HU; 24 h) and HEK293T cells (4 mM HU; 24 h).

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Biological Activity
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

Hydroxyurea is a cell apoptosis inducer that inhibit DNA synthesis through inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. Hydroxyurea shows anti-orthopoxvirus activity.

IC₅₀ & Target

HIV-1

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
Erythrocyte	CC₅₀	147 μM Compound: HU	Cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes assessed as cell viability after 3 days alamar blue assay Cytotoxicity against human erythrocytes assessed as cell viability after 3 days alamar blue assay	[PMID: 33109398]
HeLa S3	ED₅₀	1.96 μg/mL Compound: hydroxyurea	Cytotoxicity against human HeLaS3 cells after 3 days by trypan blue exclusion technique Cytotoxicity against human HeLaS3 cells after 3 days by trypan blue exclusion technique	[PMID: 1800632]
K562	IC₅₀	687.94 μM Compound: Hydroxyurea	Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) K562 cells after 24 hr by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) K562 cells after 24 hr by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-010-9544-6
KB	ED₅₀	5.29 μg/mL Compound: hydroxyurea	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 3 days by trypan blue exclusion technique Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 3 days by trypan blue exclusion technique	[PMID: 1800632]
L1210	ED₅₀	2.67 μg/mL Compound: hydroxyurea	Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 3 days by trypan blue exclusion technique Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 3 days by trypan blue exclusion technique	[PMID: 1800632]
L1210	IC₅₀	82 μM Compound: Hydroxyurea	Activity against lymphocytic murine leukemia cell line L1210 using MTS/PES microculture tetrazolium assay Activity against lymphocytic murine leukemia cell line L1210 using MTS/PES microculture tetrazolium assay	[PMID: 11784145]
MOLT-3	ED₅₀	3.18 μg/mL Compound: hydroxyurea	Cytotoxicity against human TMOLT3 cells after 3 days by trypan blue exclusion technique Cytotoxicity against human TMOLT3 cells after 3 days by trypan blue exclusion technique	[PMID: 1800632]
SW480	ED₅₀	4.79 μg/mL Compound: hydroxyurea	Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells after 3 days by trypan blue exclusion technique Cytotoxicity against human SW480 cells after 3 days by trypan blue exclusion technique	[PMID: 1800632]
U373-MAGI	EC₅₀	25.8 μM Compound: Hydroxyurea	Potentiation of 5-Aza-C-induced antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4-3 infected in human U373-MAGI cells assessed as 5-Aza-C EC50 at 500 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by 5-Aza-C addition for 2 hrs and subsequent viral infection meas Potentiation of 5-Aza-C-induced antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4-3 infected in human U373-MAGI cells assessed as 5-Aza-C EC50 at 500 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by 5-Aza-C addition for 2 hrs and subsequent viral infection meas	[PMID: 27117260]
U373-MAGI	CC₅₀	252 μM Compound: Hydroxyurea	Increase of 5-Aza-C-mediated cytotoxicity against human U373-MAGI cells at 500 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by 5-Aza-C addition for 2 hrs measured after 72 hrs by Celltiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay (Rvb = 387 uM) Increase of 5-Aza-C-mediated cytotoxicity against human U373-MAGI cells at 500 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by 5-Aza-C addition for 2 hrs measured after 72 hrs by Celltiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay (Rvb = 387 uM)	[PMID: 27117260]
U-937	IC₅₀	115 μM Compound: Hydroxyurea	Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) U937 cells after 96 hr by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against Homo sapiens (human) U937 cells after 96 hr by MTT assay	10.1007/s00044-011-9778-y
Vero	IC₅₀	0.1 mM Compound: Hydroxyurea (HU)	Compound tested on vero cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii after 24 h Compound tested on vero cells infected with Toxoplasma gondii after 24 h	[PMID: 15863319]
Vero	IC₅₀	0.1 mM Compound: Hydroxyurea (HU)	Compound tested on intracellular parasites Toxoplasma gondii in vero cells after 24 h Compound tested on intracellular parasites Toxoplasma gondii in vero cells after 24 h	[PMID: 15863319]

In Vitro

Hydroxyurea is used in a number of myeloproliferative, neoplastic, HIV, and non-hematological diseases^[1]. Treatment of cells in primary culture with 30 μM hydroxyurea for 96 hours significantly increases the fractional HbF content. The ^Gγ: ^Aγ-globin mRNA is induced 0.30- to 8-fold in vitro^[2]. Hydroxyurea has been shown to block HIV-1 reverse transcription and/or replication in quiescent peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Hydroxyurea therapy producs consistent reductions in WBC and ANC without improvement in anemia over 17 weeks. Hydroxyurea at 50mg/kg produces a reduced white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count and no improvement in anemia compared to vehicle treated sickle cell mice^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Clinical Trial

Molecular Weight

76.05

Formula

CH₄N₂O₂

CAS No.

127-07-1

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(N)NO

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 50 mg/mL (657.46 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (657.46 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	13.1492 mL	65.7462 mL	131.4924 mL
5 mM	2.6298 mL	13.1492 mL	26.2985 mL
10 mM	1.3149 mL	6.5746 mL	13.1492 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (32.87 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (32.87 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (32.87 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (1314.92 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.34%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (273 KB) SDS (418 KB)

COA (244 KB) HNMR (125 KB) RP-HPLC (260 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Kovacic P, et al. Hydroxyurea (therapeutics and mechanism): metabolism, carbamoyl nitroso, nitroxyl, radicals, cell signaling and clinical applications. Med Hypotheses. 2011 Jan;76(1):24-31. [Content Brief]

[2]. Watanapokasin Y, et al. In vivo and in vitro studies of fetal hemoglobin induction by hydroxyurea in beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E patients. Exp Hematol. 2005 Dec;33(12):1486-92. [Content Brief]

[3]. Lori F, et al. Rationale for the use of hydroxyurea as an anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Jun;30 Suppl 2:S193-7. [Content Brief]

[4]. Lebensburger JD, et al. Hydroxyurea therapy requires HbF induction for clinical benefit in a sickle cell mouse model. Haematologica. 2010 Sep;95(9):1599-603. [Content Brief]

[5]. M B Slabaugh, et al. Hydroxyurea-resistant vaccinia virus: overproduction of ribonucleotide reductase. J Virol. 1986 Nov;60(2):506-14. [Content Brief]

Animal Administration
^[4]

Mice: To determine whether hydroxyurea would improve anemia and/or prevent or diminish the development of organ damage in the absence of HbF induction, hydroxyurea, at doses of 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg, or vehicle is administered five days per week to SCD mice^[4].

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

References

[1]. Kovacic P, et al. Hydroxyurea (therapeutics and mechanism): metabolism, carbamoyl nitroso, nitroxyl, radicals, cell signaling and clinical applications. Med Hypotheses. 2011 Jan;76(1):24-31. [Content Brief]

[2]. Watanapokasin Y, et al. In vivo and in vitro studies of fetal hemoglobin induction by hydroxyurea in beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E patients. Exp Hematol. 2005 Dec;33(12):1486-92. [Content Brief]

[3]. Lori F, et al. Rationale for the use of hydroxyurea as an anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Jun;30 Suppl 2:S193-7. [Content Brief]

[4]. Lebensburger JD, et al. Hydroxyurea therapy requires HbF induction for clinical benefit in a sickle cell mouse model. Haematologica. 2010 Sep;95(9):1599-603. [Content Brief]

[5]. M B Slabaugh, et al. Hydroxyurea-resistant vaccinia virus: overproduction of ribonucleotide reductase. J Virol. 1986 Nov;60(2):506-14. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	13.1492 mL	65.7462 mL	131.4924 mL	328.7311 mL
	5 mM	2.6298 mL	13.1492 mL	26.2985 mL	65.7462 mL
	10 mM	1.3149 mL	6.5746 mL	13.1492 mL	32.8731 mL
	15 mM	0.8766 mL	4.3831 mL	8.7662 mL	21.9154 mL
	20 mM	0.6575 mL	3.2873 mL	6.5746 mL	16.4366 mL
	25 mM	0.5260 mL	2.6298 mL	5.2597 mL	13.1492 mL
	30 mM	0.4383 mL	2.1915 mL	4.3831 mL	10.9577 mL
	40 mM	0.3287 mL	1.6437 mL	3.2873 mL	8.2183 mL
	50 mM	0.2630 mL	1.3149 mL	2.6298 mL	6.5746 mL
	60 mM	0.2192 mL	1.0958 mL	2.1915 mL	5.4789 mL
	80 mM	0.1644 mL	0.8218 mL	1.6437 mL	4.1091 mL
	100 mM	0.1315 mL	0.6575 mL	1.3149 mL	3.2873 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Hydroxyurea Related Classifications

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Hydroxyurea127-07-1HydroxycarbamideDNA/RNA SynthesisAutophagyApoptosisHIVOrthopoxvirusHuman immunodeficiency virusInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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Hydroxyurea (Synonyms: Hydroxycarbamide)

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Other Forms of Hydroxyurea:

Hydroxyurea Related Antibodies

16 Publications Citing Use of MCE Hydroxyurea

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Hydroxyurea Related Antibodies

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Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Hydroxyurea Related Classifications

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