Indole-3-pyruvic acid

Name: Indole-3-pyruvic acid
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-W028393
Rating: 4.5 (1 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-W028393 Purity: 99.79%: FAQs
Data Sheet SDS COA Handling Instructions

Molarity Calculator

Indole-3-pyruvic acid, a keto analogue of tryptophan, is an orally active AHR agonist. Indole-3-pyruvic acid has antioxidant properties, and can be used in the research of inflammation, anxiety.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Indole-3-pyruvic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 392-12-1

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50 mg	USD 50	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	USD 80	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Indole-3-pyruvic acid:

Indole-3-pyruvic acid-d₅ Get quote

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Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

Indole-3-pyruvic acid, a keto analogue of tryptophan, is an orally active AHR agonist. Indole-3-pyruvic acid has antioxidant properties, and can be used in the research of inflammation, anxiety^[1]^[2]^[3].

IC₅₀ & Target

Microbial Metabolite

In Vitro

Indole-3-pyruvic acid (50 and 250 μM, 24 h) activates AHR in HepG2 cells^[1].
Indole-3-pyruvic acid (50 μM, 4 days) does not inhibit Th1 cell differentiation but promotes Tr1 differentiation^[1].
Indole-3-pyruvic acid (1 mM, 24 h) reduces UVB-induced cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells^[1].
Indole-3-pyruvic acid (25 mM, 6 h) reduces the levels of COX-2 in HaCaT cells^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

RT-PCR^[2]

Cell Line:	HaCaT cells
Concentration:	5-25 mM
Incubation Time:	6 h
Result:	Inhibited UVB-stimulated mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2).

In Vivo

Indole-3-pyruvic acid (oral administration, fed in MF chow (0.1%) for 5 d) activates AHR in BALB/c mice^[1].
Indole-3-pyruvic acid (oral administration, fed in MF chow (0.1%) for 5 wk) abrogates chronic inflammation in a T cell-mediated colitis model^[1].
Indole-3-pyruvic acid (100 μM, dose at skin) protects against UVB-induced skin damage in HR-1 hairless mice^[2].
Indole-3-pyruvic acid (intraperitoneal injection, 100-200 mg/kg) increases the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze in mice^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	BALB/c mice^[1]
Dosage:	Fed in MF chow.0.1% for 5 d
Administration:	Oral administration
Result:	Up-regulated the expression of Cyp1a1 (a biomarker for AHR activation) in the colon.

Animal Model:	T cell–mediated colitis model of SCID mice^[1]
Dosage:	Fed in MF chow.0.1% for 5 wk
Administration:	Oral administration
Result:	Suppressed diarrhea and improved colon inflammation. Down-regulated the expression of Th1 and proinflammatory cytokines and upregulated the expression of IL-10 in the colon.

Animal Model:	HR-1 Hairless Mice^[2]
Dosage:	100 μM
Administration:	Dose at skin
Result:	Enhanced the epidermal thickness. Attenuated UVB-induced necrosis observed in upper layer of dermis.

Molecular Weight

203.19

Formula

C₁₁H₉NO₃

CAS No.

392-12-1

Appearance

Solid

Color

Light yellow to brown

SMILES

O=C(O)C(CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C12)=O

Structure Classification

Initial Source

Endogenous metabolite

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 166.67 mg/mL (820.27 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 20 mg/mL (98.43 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 12 with NaOH)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	4.9215 mL	24.6075 mL	49.2150 mL
5 mM	0.9843 mL	4.9215 mL	9.8430 mL
10 mM	0.4922 mL	2.4608 mL	4.9215 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.24 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (10.24 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.79%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (281 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (253 KB) HNMR (240 KB) RP-HPLC (256 KB) MS (178 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Reiji Aoki, et al. Indole-3-Pyruvic Acid, an Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activator, Suppresses Experimental Colitis in Mice. J Immunol. 2018 Dec 15;201(12):3683-3693. [Content Brief]

[2]. Reiji Aoki, et al. Protective effect of indole-3-pyruvate against ultraviolet b-induced damage to cultured HaCaT keratinocytes and the skin of hairless mice. PLoS One. 2014 May 8;9(5):e96804. [Content Brief]

[3]. I P Lapin, et al. Anxiolytic effect of indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) in mice. Pharmacol Res. 1993 Sep;28(2):129-34. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	4.9215 mL	24.6075 mL	49.2150 mL	123.0375 mL
	5 mM	0.9843 mL	4.9215 mL	9.8430 mL	24.6075 mL
	10 mM	0.4922 mL	2.4608 mL	4.9215 mL	12.3038 mL
	15 mM	0.3281 mL	1.6405 mL	3.2810 mL	8.2025 mL
	20 mM	0.2461 mL	1.2304 mL	2.4608 mL	6.1519 mL
	25 mM	0.1969 mL	0.9843 mL	1.9686 mL	4.9215 mL
	30 mM	0.1641 mL	0.8203 mL	1.6405 mL	4.1013 mL
	40 mM	0.1230 mL	0.6152 mL	1.2304 mL	3.0759 mL
	50 mM	0.0984 mL	0.4922 mL	0.9843 mL	2.4608 mL
	60 mM	0.0820 mL	0.4101 mL	0.8203 mL	2.0506 mL
	80 mM	0.0615 mL	0.3076 mL	0.6152 mL	1.5380 mL
DMSO	100 mM	0.0492 mL	0.2461 mL	0.4922 mL	1.2304 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.