2. Autophagy Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Anti-infection
  3. Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial Atg7 Atg8/LC3
  4. Xylitol

Xylitol can be classified as a polyol and sugar alcohol, exhibiting inhibitory activity on cancer cell proliferation. It induces autophagy (Autophagy) and cell death in A549 cells by activating the autophagy signaling pathway, as evidenced by the increased expression of LC3-II and Atg5-Atg12 upon Xylitol treatment. Additionally, Xylitol inhibits acetaldehyde production by Candida species, thereby reducing their carcinogenic potential. In vivo, Xylitol induces alterations in the gut microbiota of mice, which may enhance cholesterol accumulation and upregulate hepatic ChREBP, while also slowing tumor growth in the B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouse model.

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Xylitol Chemical Structure

Xylitol Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 87-99-0

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Xylitol Related Antibodies

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Description

Xylitol can be classified as a polyol and sugar alcohol, exhibiting inhibitory activity on cancer cell proliferation. It induces autophagy (Autophagy) and cell death in A549 cells by activating the autophagy signaling pathway, as evidenced by the increased expression of LC3-II and Atg5-Atg12 upon Xylitol treatment. Additionally, Xylitol inhibits acetaldehyde production by Candida species, thereby reducing their carcinogenic potential. In vivo, Xylitol induces alterations in the gut microbiota of mice, which may enhance cholesterol accumulation and upregulate hepatic ChREBP, while also slowing tumor growth in the B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouse model[1][2][3][4].

IC50 & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

In Vitro

Xylitol (0.125% - 32%, 72 h) inhibits proliferation of A549, Caki, NCI-H23, HCT-15, HL-60, K562, and SK MEL-2 cells, with IC50 ranging from 3.9% to 8.2%, and K562 being the most sensitive. Normal cells exhibited higher tolerance to Xylitol[3].
Xylitol (6%, 24 h) induces cell death and autophagy in A549 cells[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Xylitol Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[3]

Cell Line: A549 (lung cancer), Caki (kidney cancer), NCI-H23 (lung cancer), HCT-15 (colorectal cancer), HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia), K562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia),SK MEL-2 (melanoma)
Concentration: 0.125% - 32% (cells were cultured in 96-well plates at 104 cells/well)
Incubation Time: 72 h
Result: Inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, IC50 values for each cell line: A549 (6.0%), Caki (7.5%), NCI-H23 (8.2%), HCT-15 (5.4%), HL-60 (4.7%), K562 (3.9%, most sensitive), SK MEL-2 (6.8%). IC50 for normal HGF cells was significantly higher than that for cancer cells.

Western Blot Analysis[3]

Cell Line: A549 (lung cancer)
Concentration: 6% (cells were cultured in 96-well plates at 104 cells/well)
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Increased the expression of LC3-II and Atg5-Atg12, indicating activation of the autophagy pathway.
In Vivo

Xylitol (20%, i.t. (75%) + s.c. (25%), once daily for 2 weeks) transiently inhibits tumor growth in the B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouse model, but fails to sustain inhibition, likely due to solution leakage[1].
Xylitol (40 mg/kg and 194 mg/kg, drinking water intake, once daily for 16-18 weeks) modifies gut microbiota composition in HFD-fed C57Bl/6J mice but does not ameliorate HFD-induced dyslipidemia[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: High-fat diet (HFD)-induced gut microbiota and lipid metabolism changes in C57Bl/6J mice[2]
Dosage: 40 mg/kg, 194 mg/kg
Administration: Drinking water intake (ad libitum), once daily for 16-18 weeks
Result: Low-dose (40 mg/kg) and medium-dose (194 mg/kg): significantly altered the composition of fecal microbiota in mice.
Medium-dose: decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum and Barnesiella genus, while increased the abundance of Firmicutes phylum and Prevotella genus.
Did not affect body weight, hepatic and serum lipid parameters, oral glucose tolerance, or luminal metabolites.
Animal Model: B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouse model[1]
Dosage: 20% Xylitol solution
Administration: Intratumoral injection (i.t.) 75%; Subcutaneous (peritumoral) injection (s.c.) 25%, once daily for 14 days
Result: Significantly inhibited B16F10 melanoma growth during the first 5 days (p < 0.05), with a ~40% reduction in tumor volume. (After 5 days, tumor stromal degradation led to leakage of the Xylitol solution, allowing tumor regrowth, making it comparable to the control group.)
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

152.15

Formula

C5H12O5
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

Store at room temperature 3 years

In solvent -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 130 mg/mL (854.42 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 110 mg/mL (722.97 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 6.5725 mL 32.8623 mL 65.7246 mL
5 mM 1.3145 mL 6.5725 mL 13.1449 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (21.36 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (32.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (21.36 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (32.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 50 mg/mL (328.62 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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mg/kg

Animal weight
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Dosing volume
(per animal)

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Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 6.5725 mL 32.8623 mL 65.7246 mL 164.3115 mL
5 mM 1.3145 mL 6.5725 mL 13.1449 mL 32.8623 mL
10 mM 0.6572 mL 3.2862 mL 6.5725 mL 16.4312 mL
15 mM 0.4382 mL 2.1908 mL 4.3816 mL 10.9541 mL
20 mM 0.3286 mL 1.6431 mL 3.2862 mL 8.2156 mL
25 mM 0.2629 mL 1.3145 mL 2.6290 mL 6.5725 mL
30 mM 0.2191 mL 1.0954 mL 2.1908 mL 5.4771 mL
40 mM 0.1643 mL 0.8216 mL 1.6431 mL 4.1078 mL
50 mM 0.1314 mL 0.6572 mL 1.3145 mL 3.2862 mL
60 mM 0.1095 mL 0.5477 mL 1.0954 mL 2.7385 mL
80 mM 0.0822 mL 0.4108 mL 0.8216 mL 2.0539 mL
100 mM 0.0657 mL 0.3286 mL 0.6572 mL 1.6431 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Xylitol Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Xylitol87-99-0XyliteAutophagyEndogenous MetaboliteBacterialAtg7Atg8/LC3Autophagy-related 8| B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouseA549CakiNCI-H23HCT-15HL-60K562,SK MEL-2 cellsanti-cancerInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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