2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Immunology/Inflammation Stem Cell/Wnt MAPK/ERK Pathway NF-κB
  3. Endogenous Metabolite Interleukin Related ERK NF-κB
  4. Lactose

Lactose is a β-galactoside consisting of galactose and glucose residues, the main carbohydrate in mammalian breast milk. Lactose, a macronutrient and an inducer of host innate immune responses, possesses immune modulatory functions.

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Lactose Chemical Structure

Lactose Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 63-42-3

Size Price Stock Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
 In-stock
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO In-stock
Solid
500 mg In-stock
1 g In-stock
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10 g   Get quote  

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Other Forms of Lactose:

Lactose Related Antibodies

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  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

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Description

Lactose is a β-galactoside consisting of galactose and glucose residues, the main carbohydrate in mammalian breast milk. Lactose, a macronutrient and an inducer of host innate immune responses, possesses immune modulatory functions[1][2][3].

IC50 & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

In Vitro

Lactose (30 mM; 3 天) inhibits regulatory T-cell-mediated suppression of effector T-cell interferon-γ and IL-17 production[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Lactose Related Antibodies
In Vivo

Lactose (intraperitoneal injection; 100 mg/kg; single dose) can improve acute pancreatitis[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Caerulein (HY-A0190) treated female BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks old[2]
Dosage: 100 mg/kg
Administration: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.); single dose
Result: Alleviated the severity of Caerulein (HY-A0190)-induced acute pancreatitis (AP).
Modulated early immune cell infiltration into the pancreas and pancreatic cytokine/chemokine production, such as MCP-1 and TNF-α.
Suppressed ERK1/2 and NF-κB p65 signaling, leading to inhibition of cytokine production in pancreatic acinar cells.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

342.30

Formula

C12H22O11
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

OC[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O)[C@H](O)CO)O1
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

H2O : 100 mg/mL (292.14 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (146.07 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.9214 mL 14.6071 mL 29.2141 mL
5 mM 0.5843 mL 2.9214 mL 5.8428 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
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Volume
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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

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Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.30 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 130 mg/mL (379.78 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: ≥98.0%

SDS (393 KB)

COA (256 KB) HNMR (268 KB) MS (69 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO / H2O 1 mM 2.9214 mL 14.6071 mL 29.2141 mL 73.0354 mL
5 mM 0.5843 mL 2.9214 mL 5.8428 mL 14.6071 mL
10 mM 0.2921 mL 1.4607 mL 2.9214 mL 7.3035 mL
15 mM 0.1948 mL 0.9738 mL 1.9476 mL 4.8690 mL
20 mM 0.1461 mL 0.7304 mL 1.4607 mL 3.6518 mL
25 mM 0.1169 mL 0.5843 mL 1.1686 mL 2.9214 mL
30 mM 0.0974 mL 0.4869 mL 0.9738 mL 2.4345 mL
40 mM 0.0730 mL 0.3652 mL 0.7304 mL 1.8259 mL
50 mM 0.0584 mL 0.2921 mL 0.5843 mL 1.4607 mL
60 mM 0.0487 mL 0.2435 mL 0.4869 mL 1.2173 mL
80 mM 0.0365 mL 0.1826 mL 0.3652 mL 0.9129 mL
100 mM 0.0292 mL 0.1461 mL 0.2921 mL 0.7304 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Lactose Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Lactose63-42-3Endogenous MetaboliteInterleukin RelatedERKNF-κBILExtracellular signal regulated kinasesNuclear factor-κBNuclear factor-kappaBacute pancreatitis modelregulatory T cellsInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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