2. Anti-infection Apoptosis
  3. Bacterial Parasite Apoptosis Antibiotic
  4. Metronidazole

Metronidazole is an orally active nitroimidazole antibiotic. Metronidazole can cross blood brain barrier. Metronidazole can be used for the research of anaerobic infections.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Metronidazole Chemical Structure

Metronidazole Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 443-48-1

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Customer Review

Based on 34 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Metronidazole:

Metronidazole Related Antibodies

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34 Publications Citing Use of MCE Metronidazole

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  • Biological Activity

  • Purity & Documentation

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Description

Metronidazole is an orally active nitroimidazole antibiotic. Metronidazole can cross blood brain barrier. Metronidazole can be used for the research of anaerobic infections[1][2][3][4].

In Vitro

Metronidazole displays inhibitory activity towards anaerobic protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Balantidium coli[1].
Metronidazole (4-8 μg/mL) inhibits anaerobic bacteria and shows good bactericidal activity[1].
Metronidazole (0.1 μg/mL-0.01 mg/mL; 12-96 h) induces granular formation and triggers apoptosis in Blastocystis sp[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Metronidazole Related Antibodies

Apoptosis Analysis[2]

Cell Line: Blastocystis sp. Cells
Concentration: 0.1 μg/mL-0.01 mg/mL
Incubation Time: 12, 24, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 hours
Result: Decreased cell diameter, as a hallmark of an apoptotic cell, and resulted cell shrinkage.
In Vivo

Metronidazole (135 mg/kg/d; p.o.; 28 d) can cross the blood brain barrier, and exhibits neurotoxicity under long term administration in rats[3].
Metronidazole (1 g/L; p.o.; 4 weeks) results skeletal muscle atrophy and changes the expression of genes involved in the muscle peripheral circadian rhythm machinery and metabolic regulation[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (200-220 g)[3]
Dosage: 135 mg/kg
Administration: Oral gavage; once daily; 28 days
Result: Caused inflammatory markers increasing, including iNOS, eNOS, Bax and caspase 3 protein expressions increasing and caused oxidative stress damage in brain tissue, with MDA content rising.
Animal Model: SPF C57Bl/6J mice (6-7 months old)[4]
Dosage: 1 g/L
Administration: Oral gavage; provided with drinking water for 4 weeks, changed twice weekly
Result: Resulted the muscle core clock and effector genes Cry2, Ror-β, E4BP4, PP ARγ and adiponectin expression increasing.
Decreased hind limb muscle weight and resulted in smaller fibers in the tibialis anterior muscle.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

171.15

Formula

C6H9N3O3
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

OCCN1C([N+]([O-])=O)=CN=C1C
Structure Classification
Initial Source

Gram-negative and Gram-positive anaerobic
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

*In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 35 mg/mL (204.50 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 12.5 mg/mL (73.04 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 5.8428 mL 29.2141 mL 58.4283 mL
5 mM 1.1686 mL 5.8428 mL 11.6857 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (12.15 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (12.15 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 12.5 mg/mL (73.04 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.92%

SDS (480 KB)

COA (253 KB) LCMS (97 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 5.8428 mL 29.2141 mL 58.4283 mL 146.0707 mL
5 mM 1.1686 mL 5.8428 mL 11.6857 mL 29.2141 mL
10 mM 0.5843 mL 2.9214 mL 5.8428 mL 14.6071 mL
15 mM 0.3895 mL 1.9476 mL 3.8952 mL 9.7380 mL
20 mM 0.2921 mL 1.4607 mL 2.9214 mL 7.3035 mL
25 mM 0.2337 mL 1.1686 mL 2.3371 mL 5.8428 mL
30 mM 0.1948 mL 0.9738 mL 1.9476 mL 4.8690 mL
40 mM 0.1461 mL 0.7304 mL 1.4607 mL 3.6518 mL
50 mM 0.1169 mL 0.5843 mL 1.1686 mL 2.9214 mL
60 mM 0.0974 mL 0.4869 mL 0.9738 mL 2.4345 mL
DMSO 80 mM 0.0730 mL 0.3652 mL 0.7304 mL 1.8259 mL
100 mM 0.0584 mL 0.2921 mL 0.5843 mL 1.4607 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Metronidazole Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Metronidazole443-48-1BacterialParasiteApoptosisAntibioticanaerobic infectionanaerobic protozoaTrichomonas vaginalisEntamoeba histolyticaGiardia lambliaBalantidium coli.BaxBcl2iNOSeNOScaspase-3Cry2Ror-βE4BP4. PP ARγadiponectinInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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