Palmatine chloride

Name: Palmatine chloride
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-N0110
Rating: 5.0 (6 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-N0110 Purity: 99.81%: FAQs
Data Sheet SDS COA Handling Instructions

Molarity Calculator

Palmatine chloride is an orally active and irreversible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine chloride can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC₅₀ of 96 μM. Palmatine chloride shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Palmatine chloride Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 10605-02-4

Size	Price	Stock	Quantity

Free Sample (0.1 - 0.5 mg)		Apply Now
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	USD 33	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	USD 33	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
250 mg	USD 30	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
1 g	USD 85	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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Based on 6 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Palmatine chloride:

6 Publications Citing Use of MCE Palmatine chloride

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mAChR1 mAChR2 mAChR3 mAChR4 mAChR5

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IDO1 IDO2 IDO

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Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

IDO-1

3 μM (IC₅₀, HEK 293-hIDO-1)

IDO-1

157 μM (IC₅₀, rhIDO-1)

WNV NS2B-NS3

96 μM (IC₅₀)

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
G-402	GI₅₀	83.14 μM Compound: 3	Growth inhibition against human G402 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Growth inhibition against human G402 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 21401114]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Palmatine Chloride	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28359045]
HepG2	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Palmatine Chloride	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28359045]
HL-60	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Palmatine Chloride	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28359045]
KM12C	IC₅₀	393 μM Compound: B-11	Inhibition of cell proliferation of human KM12C cells incubated for 15 hrs by MTT assay Inhibition of cell proliferation of human KM12C cells incubated for 15 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 32391701]
L02	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Palmatine Chloride	Cytotoxicity against human LO2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human LO2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28359045]
SMMC-7721	IC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Palmatine Chloride	Cytotoxicity against human SMMC7721 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human SMMC7721 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 28359045]

In Vitro

Palmatine (0-100 μM; 42 h) suppresses WNV with an EC₅₀ value of 3.6 μM, and reduce the viral titers of DENV-2 and YFV with EC₅₀ values of 26.4 μM and 7.3 μM, respectively^[3].
? Palmatine (0-1128 μM; 24-72 h) inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation^[5].
? Palmatine (0-704 μM; 24 h) reduces AURKA protein levels, induces G2/M phase arrest, and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells via the mitochondrial associated pathway^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Proliferation Assay^[5]

Cell Line:	HCT-116, SW480, HT-29
Concentration:	0, 88, 176, 352, and 704 μM (HCT-116, SW480); 0, 141, 282, 564, and 1128 μM (HT-29)
Incubation Time:	24, 48 and 72 h
Result:	Decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.

Western Blot Analysis^[5]

Cell Line:	HCT-116, SW480, HT-29
Concentration:	100 nM for HCT-116, 500 nM for SW480 and HT-29
Incubation Time:	24 h
Result:	Promoted the expression of apoptosis markers such as P53 / P73, Caspase3, and Caspase9. Reduced AURKA protein levels. Increased cyt. c in the cytoplasm while reduced Bcl2 and Bcl-xl in a dose-dependent manner.

Cell Cycle Analysis^[5]

Cell Line:	HCT-116, SW480
Concentration:	88, 176, 352 and 704 μM
Incubation Time:	24 h
Result:	Induced G2/M phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner.

Apoptosis Analysis^[5]

Cell Line:	HCT-116, SW480
Concentration:	88, 176, 352 and 704 μM
Incubation Time:	24 h
Result:	Induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.

In Vivo

Palmatine (50 or 100 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 7 days) ameliorates DSS (dextran sulfate sodium)-induced colitis and prevents infiltration of inflammatory cells^[1].
? Palmatine (0-200 mg/kg; i.p.; once) attenuates D-galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056)-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice^[2].
? Palmatine (0-1 mg/kg; i.p.; 10 days) shows memory-enhancing activity in mice^[4].
? Palmatine (33.75-135 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 26 days) can effectively inhibit the growth of HCT-116 xenografts in mice^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	DSS- induced Colitis BALB/c mice model (8-week-old)^[1]
Dosage:	50 or 100 mg/kg
Administration:	Orally, daily, for 7 days
Result:	Ameliorated DSS-induced colitis and prevented infiltration of inflammatory cells; remarkably extended the colon length; significantly suppressed the colonic MPO activity. Decreased the levels of colonic inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10); Protected mucosal integrity by modulating TJs protein and apoptosis proteins; Restored DSS-induced decreases of TJ protein ZO-1, ZO-2 and claudin-1; Reduced Bax expression and enhanced Bcl-2 expression at the dose of 100 mg/kg, prevented epithelial apoptosis and improved intestinal integrity. Prevented DSS-induced changes of gut microbiota in colitis mice.

Animal Model:	Male ICR mice (20–22 g), D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS)-induced fulminant hepatic failure model^[2]
Dosage:	25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg
Administration:	Intraperitoneal injection, 1 h before the GalN/LPS treatment
Result:	Attenuated the mortality and serum aminotransferase activities increased by GalN/LPS. Prevented the increase of serum TNF-α and augmented that of serum IL-10. Decreased the TNF-a mRNA expression and increased the IL-10 mRNA expression. Attenuated the apoptosis of hepatocytes.

Animal Model:	Swiss young male albino mice, with Scopolamine (HY-N0296)- and diazepam-induced amnesia model^[4]
Dosage:	0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/kg
Administration:	Intraperitoneal injection, 10 days
Result:	Significantly improved learning and memory of mice at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg and did not show any significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice. Significantly reversed scopolamine- and diazepam-induced amnesia in mice. Significantly reduced brain acetylcholinesterase activity of mice.

Animal Model:	BALB/c-nude mice, HCT-116 xenograft model^[5]
Dosage:	33.75, 67.5 and 135 mg/kg
Administration:	Oral administration, once a day for 26 days
Result:	The tumor volume and weight of the treatment group were significantly reduced.

Molecular Weight

387.86

Formula

C₂₁H₂₂ClNO₄

CAS No.

10605-02-4

Appearance

Solid

Color

Light yellow to yellow

SMILES

COC1=C(OC)C2=C[N+]3=C(C4=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C4CC3)C=C2C=C1.[Cl-]

Structure Classification

Initial Source

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light

*In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 32 mg/mL (82.50 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : 5 mg/mL (12.89 mM; Need ultrasonic)

*"≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	2.5782 mL	12.8912 mL	25.7825 mL
5 mM	0.5156 mL	2.5782 mL	5.1565 mL
10 mM	0.2578 mL	1.2891 mL	2.5782 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.45 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.45 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (6.45 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

DMSO +

Tween-80 +

Saline

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).

Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.

If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.81%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (287 KB) SDS (392 KB)

COA (250 KB) HNMR (277 KB) LCMS (93 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Zhang XJ, et al. Palmatine ameliorated murine colitis by suppressing tryptophan metabolism and regulating gut microbiota.Pharmacol Res. 2018 Nov;137:34-46. [Content Brief]

[2]. Lee WC, et al. Palmatine attenuates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Jan;48(1):222-8. [Content Brief]

[3]. Jia F, et al. Identification of palmatine as an inhibitor of West Nile virus. Arch Virol. 2010 Aug;155(8):1325-9. [Content Brief]

[4]. Dhingra D, et al. Memory-enhancing activity of palmatine in mice using elevated plus maze and morris water maze. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2012;2012:357368. [Content Brief]

[5]. Liu X, et al. Palmatine induces G2/M phase arrest and mitochondrial-associated pathway apoptosis in colon cancer cells by targeting AURKA. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 May;175:113933. [Content Brief]

[6]. Long J, et al. Palmatine: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Biochimie. 2019 Jul;162:176-184. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O / DMSO	1 mM	2.5782 mL	12.8912 mL	25.7825 mL	64.4562 mL
	5 mM	0.5156 mL	2.5782 mL	5.1565 mL	12.8912 mL
	10 mM	0.2578 mL	1.2891 mL	2.5782 mL	6.4456 mL
DMSO	15 mM	0.1719 mL	0.8594 mL	1.7188 mL	4.2971 mL
	20 mM	0.1289 mL	0.6446 mL	1.2891 mL	3.2228 mL
	25 mM	0.1031 mL	0.5156 mL	1.0313 mL	2.5782 mL
	30 mM	0.0859 mL	0.4297 mL	0.8594 mL	2.1485 mL
	40 mM	0.0645 mL	0.3223 mL	0.6446 mL	1.6114 mL
	50 mM	0.0516 mL	0.2578 mL	0.5156 mL	1.2891 mL
	60 mM	0.0430 mL	0.2149 mL	0.4297 mL	1.0743 mL
	80 mM	0.0322 mL	0.1611 mL	0.3223 mL	0.8057 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.