2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Endogenous Metabolite
  4. Succinic acid

Succinic acid  (Synonyms: Wormwood acid)

Cat. No.: HY-N0420 Purity: 98.92%
COA Handling Instructions

Molarity Calculator

Succinic acid is an anti-anxiety agent with oral activity. Disodium succinate is the salt form of Succinic acid. Succinic acid is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Succinic acid is an important platform chemical. Succinic acid can be used as surfactant, additive, ion chelating agent, flavoring agent and other applications in chemical, pharmaceutical and food fields.

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Succinic acid Chemical Structure

Succinic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 110-15-6

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Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Succinic acid:

Succinic acid Related Antibodies

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Description

Succinic acid is an anti-anxiety agent with oral activity. Disodium succinate is the salt form of Succinic acid. Succinic acid is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Succinic acid is an important platform chemical. Succinic acid can be used as surfactant, additive, ion chelating agent, flavoring agent and other applications in chemical, pharmaceutical and food fields[1][2][3][4][5].

IC50 & Target

Microbial Metabolite

 

Human Endogenous Metabolite

 

In Vivo

Succinic acid (3-6 mg/kg; p.o.; Single dose) has anti-anxiety effects in mice[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Elevated plus-maze test mice model[3]
Dosage: 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg
Administration: Oral gavage (p.o.); Single dose
Result: At doses of 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg significantly increased the percentage of mice that entered the open arm and the percentage of time that the open arm stayed.
Animal Model: Food intake mice model[3]
Dosage: 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg
Administration: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.); Single dose
Result: Significantly increased the mice's food intake within 5 minutes after administration.
Animal Model: Stress-induced hyperthermia test mice model[3]
Dosage: 1.5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg
Administration: Oral gavage (p.o.); Single dose
Result: Inhibited stress-induced hyperthermia at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg.
Molecular Weight

118.09

Formula

C4H6O4
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O)CCC(O)=O
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

Store at room temperature 3 years

In solvent -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (846.81 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 30 mg/mL (254.04 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 8.4681 mL 42.3406 mL 84.6812 mL
5 mM 1.6936 mL 8.4681 mL 16.9362 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
=
Concentration
×
Volume
×
Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

C1

×
Volume (start)

V1

=
Concentration (final)

C2

×
Volume (final)

V2

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (23.29 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (23.29 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.75 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (27.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 32.5 mg/mL (275.21 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 98.92%

COA (243 KB) GC (245 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 8.4681 mL 42.3406 mL 84.6812 mL 211.7029 mL
5 mM 1.6936 mL 8.4681 mL 16.9362 mL 42.3406 mL
10 mM 0.8468 mL 4.2341 mL 8.4681 mL 21.1703 mL
15 mM 0.5645 mL 2.8227 mL 5.6454 mL 14.1135 mL
20 mM 0.4234 mL 2.1170 mL 4.2341 mL 10.5851 mL
25 mM 0.3387 mL 1.6936 mL 3.3872 mL 8.4681 mL
30 mM 0.2823 mL 1.4114 mL 2.8227 mL 7.0568 mL
40 mM 0.2117 mL 1.0585 mL 2.1170 mL 5.2926 mL
50 mM 0.1694 mL 0.8468 mL 1.6936 mL 4.2341 mL
60 mM 0.1411 mL 0.7057 mL 1.4114 mL 3.5284 mL
80 mM 0.1059 mL 0.5293 mL 1.0585 mL 2.6463 mL
100 mM 0.0847 mL 0.4234 mL 0.8468 mL 2.1170 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Succinic acid Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Succinic acid110-15-6Wormwood acidEndogenous MetaboliteChelating agentSurfactantPlatform chemicalFlavoring agentAdditiveAnaerobicFermentationPrecursorAnxiolyticOrally activeInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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